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53 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
radiometer
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measures the radiant flux of electromagnetic radiation as thermal and photodiode
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radiant flux
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frame sensor
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produces digital images with the use of detectors that measure the brightness of reflected electromagnetic energy
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digital, brightness
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line sensor (pushbroom scanner)
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a device whose sensors are lined up in a row called a linear array; captures the entire scan line at once
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linear array
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mechanical sensor (whiskbroom scanner)
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device which uses rotating mirrors to scan the landscape below from side to side, perpendicular to the direction of the sensor platform
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rotating mirrors
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modulation transfer function
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measure of the transfer of contrast from the subject to the image; measures how faithfully the lens reproduces detail from the object to the image
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transfer; faithfully reproduces detail
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silicon detector
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type of photoconductor detector used in most commercial photodiodes with a visible spectral range, ambient operating temperature
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InGaAs
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Indium Gallium Arsenide detector with NIR and SWIR spectral range used in high-power and high-frequency electronics because of its superior electron velocity
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high-power, high-frequency, electron velocity
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Mercad telluride
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Mercury Cadium Telluride detector; longwave (thermal) radiation spectral range; very high temperature operation, used in military
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point spread function
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describes the response of an imaging system to a point source or point object; the extended blob in an image that represents an unresolved object
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response; extended blob
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sun's declination
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the angle between the rays of the sun and the earth's equator; varies with the season and its period is 1 year
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ephemeris meridian
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fictitious meridian that rotates independently of the earth at the uniform rate defined by Terrestrial Dynamical Time
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ephemeris transit
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the passage of the sub-solar point over the ephemeris meridian; varies from 11:45 to 12:13 depending on time of year
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geosynchronous orbit
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orbit around the Earth with period matching the sidereal rotation period; a satellite in such an orbit returns to exactly the same place in the sky at exactly the same time each day
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sidereal
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sun-synchronous orbit
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geocentric orbit which combines altitude and inclination in such a way that an object on that orbit passes over any given point of the Earth's surface at the same local solar time
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combines altitude and inclination; same local solar time
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nodal day
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period of the earth-rotation relative to the orbit plane or node
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precession
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rotation of the orbit plane about the polar axis caused by the oblateness of the Earth
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wavelength
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distance between repeating units of a propagating wave of a given frequency; denoted by lambda
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frequency
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a number of cycles, or periods, per unit time
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polarization
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a property of waves that describes the orientation of their oscilllation
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orientation
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blackbody
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an object that absorbs all light that falls on it; no electromagnetic radiation passes through it and none is reflected
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Lambert's Law
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the radiant intensity observed from a Lambertian surface is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle between the observer's line of sight and the surface normal
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Lambertian surface
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a perfectly diffusing surface; its brightness is constant regardless of the angle from which it is viewed
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scattering
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process whereby some forms of radiation, such as light, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more uniformities in the medium through which they pass
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deviate from straight, uniformities
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Rayleigh scattering
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process in which EM radiation is scattered by a small spherical volume of variant refractive index
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absorption
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process by which the energy of a photon is taken up by matter,
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attenuation
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the gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium
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emission
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process by which the energy of a photon is released by another entity
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Mie scattering
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scattering of EM radiation by spherical particles which are generally larger than the Rayleigh range
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multiple scattering
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scattering of EM radiation in which the randomness of the interaction is averaged out by large numbers of scattering events, such that the final path of the radiation is a deterministic distribution of intensity
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randomness averaged out by large numbers, final path dd of intensity
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radiative transfer equation
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a beam of light loses energy through divergence and extinction and gains energy from light sources in the medium and scattering directed toward the beam
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loses energy - divergence, extinction; gains energy - light sources, scattering
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Beer-Lambert Law
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there is a logarithmic dependence between the transmission of light through a substance and the product of the absorption coefficient and the distance the light travels through the material
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log btw T and abs. coeff. * distance
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astronomical unit
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mean Earth-Sun distance
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speed of light in a vacuum
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distance light travels in a vacuum during a given period of time
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spectral emissivity
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ratio of energy radiated by a material to energy radiated by a blackbody at equal temperature
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index of refraction
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how much the speed of light is reduced inside of a medium
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radiant flux
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flow rate of energy
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irradiance
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power incident on a surface
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exitance
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power emitted from a surface
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steradian
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SI unit of solid angle
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radiant intensity
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energy flowing outward from a point
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radiance
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power per unit solid angle per unit projected source area
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extinction coefficient
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K_e; the fraction of radiation taken from a direct beam by an aerosol
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optical thickness
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the depth of a material or medium in which the intensity of light of a given frequency is reduced by a factor of 1/e
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depth reduced
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transmissivity
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the fraction of incident light at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample
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EBOA/ETOA
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phase function
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P(theta); describes the angular distribution of scattered radiation
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single scattering albedo
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ratio of scattering efficiency to total light extinction
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scattering coeff / extinction coeff
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specular reflection
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perfect, mirror-like reflection from a surface
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BRDF
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bidirectional reflectance distribution function; describes scattering of a parallel beam of incident light from one direction in the hemisphere to another
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scattering incident one dir. to another
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BRF
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bidirectional reflectance factor; ratio of reflected flux from the surface area in a particular direction to the reflected flux from an ideal (Lambertian) surface
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flux SA / flux Lamb. surf.
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HDRF
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hemispherical-directional reflectance factor; BRF, except illumination is allowed from the entire upper hemisphere
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DHR
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directional-hemispherical reflectance; reflectance of a surface under direct illumination (black sky albedo)
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direct, BSA
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BHR
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bi-hemispherical reflectance; reflectance of a surface under diffuse illumination (white sky albedo)
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diffuse, WSA
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albedo
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fraction of the incident light that is reflected from a surface
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M / E
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