Remote Sensing Exam 1

Front 1

In what portion of the EMS does vegetation reflect?

Back 1

NIR

Front 2

What is the resolution of Landsat 8?

Back 2

15/30/30

Front 3

Define remote sensing

Back 3

the science/art of obtaining information about a place or object with a device not in direct contact with it

Front 4

What is remote sensing used for?

Back 4

The measure and monitor:

1. important biophysical characteristics of earth's surface

2. human activities on earth's surface

Front 5

What is user to monitor weather?

Back 5

Doppler Radar

Front 6

What was the resolution of Landsat 7?

Back 6

30 meter

Front 7

What is the resolution of Ikonos Satellite?

Back 7

4 meter

Front 8

Name 5 applications for remote sensing

Back 8

1. agriculture

2. forestry

3. environmental science

4. geology

5. weather and climate

Front 9

Name 3 systems used for remote sensing

Back 9

1. aircraft

2. spacecraft

3. satellite

Front 10

What 2 products would result from remote sensing?

Back 10

1. analogue air photos

2. digital images

Front 11

Who invented photography and when?

Back 11

Niepce 1827

Front 12

Who invented astronomy and when?

Back 12

Galileo 1609

Front 13

When was the first aerial photograph taken?

Back 13

1858

Front 14

Describe multi-temporal images

Back 14

images of the same area over brief time intervals (months, weeks)

Front 15

Describe multi-resolution images

Back 15

images capturing various characteristics of earth's surface and atmosphere at different scales

Front 16

Name 2 reasons we would use remote sensing over alternatives

Back 16

1. lower costs

2. global coverage

Front 17

What 2 types of light energy do sensors measure?

Back 17

1. the amount of the sun's energy that's reflected from Earth's surface

2. the amount of the sun's energy that is emitted from the earth's surface

Front 18

Name in order the sequence of events that occur during remote sensing

Back 18

1. physical objects

2. sensor data

3. extracted info

4. applications

Front 19

Remotely sensed images need to be interpreted to yield....?

Back 19

thematic information such as:

roads, croplands, etc

Front 20

Once reflected energy from the sun is detected by the sensor on a satellite, it is then transmitted down to a ....?

Back 20

1. ground receiving station

OR

2. another satellite

Front 21

Name the 3 water drainage patterns

Back 21

1. dendritic

2. trellis

3. rectangular

Front 22

Which water drainage pattern appears in the same pattern as tree branches?

Back 22

dendritic

Front 23

Name the electromagnetic spectrum IN ORDER

Back 23

1. Radio

2. Microwave

3. Infrared

4. Visible

5. Ultraviolet

6. X-ray

7. Gamma ray

Front 24

What is the wavelength in meters of radio?

Back 24

10 to the power of 3

Front 25

What is the wavelength in meters of microwave?

Back 25

10 to the power of -2

Front 26

What is the wavelength in meters of Infrared?

Back 26

10 to the power of -5

Front 27

What is the wavelength in meters of Visible waves?

Back 27

10 to the power of -6

Front 28

What is the wavelength in meters of Ultraviolet?

Back 28

10 to the power of -8

Front 29

What is the wavelength in meters of X-ray?

Back 29

10 to the power of -10

Front 30

What is the wavelength in meters of Gamma Ray?

Back 30

10 to the power of -12

Front 31

What is the basic component of electromagnetic radiation?

Back 31

a photon

Front 32

What unit is represented by lambda?

Back 32

a wavelength

Front 33

Define a wavelength

Back 33

the distance in meters between successive crests of waves

Front 34

Define frequency

Back 34

the number of oscillations per second

Front 35

What unit is used to measure frequency?

Back 35

Hz

Front 36

The measured height between the base and crest of a wave is called?

Back 36

amplitude

Front 37

The lowest part of a wave is called the

Back 37

trough

Front 38

What waves can satellite electromagnetic sensors allow us to see beyond the visible?

Back 38

infrared, ultraviolet, extreme UV, X-ray, and Gamma-Ray

Front 39

What type of satellite is always above the same part of earth?

Back 39

earth-synchronous orbit

Front 40

What type of satellite is above different parts of the earth at different times but moves so that it stays with the daylight?

Back 40

sun-synchronous orbit

Front 41

What would a sun-synchronous orbit be observing?

Back 41

earth

Front 42

What might an earth-synchronous orbit observe?

Back 42

weather, surveillance

Front 43

What 3 things happen to electromagnetic energy when it reaches a surface?

Back 43

1. absorbed

2. reflected

3. transmitted

Front 44

Define reflection

Back 44

the ratio of the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected from a surface to the amount that initially struck the surface

Front 45

If something appears yellow, what is it absorbing?

Back 45

RO GBIV

Front 46

If something appears yellow, what is it reflecting?

Back 46

yeller

Front 47

Name the 2 types of reflection

Back 47

1. specular

2. diffuse

Front 48

What 3 factors affect reflectance?

Back 48

1. geometric structure (smooth/rough)

2. chemical composition (chlorophyll, moisture)

3. physical state (solid/liquid)

Front 49

How much reflectance does a hard surface have?

Back 49

high

Front 50

How much reflectance does a flat surface have?

Back 50

high

Front 51

How much reflectance does a rough surface have?

Back 51

low

Front 52

How much reflectance does vegetation have?

Back 52

medium

Front 53

How much reflectance does water have?

Back 53

LOW

(high absorption)

Front 54

The amount of reflectance from an object is the result of the balance between what 3 properties?

Back 54

1. spatial configuration

2. vegetation content

3. moisture

Front 55

Do wetter objects reflect more or less than drier objects?

Back 55

LESS

Front 56

Healthy plants absorb what visible wave?

Back 56

red

Front 57

Healthy plants reflect highest in what wavelength?

Back 57

near infrared

Front 58

If wavelengths are smaller than the surface variations they strike, what type of reflection will dominate?

Back 58

diffuse

Front 59

What is a single-band image called?

Back 59

grayscale

Front 60

What is a multiband image called?

Back 60

multispectral

Front 61

When different bands/layers are combined into the red, green, and blue guns of a computer monitor, what do they form?

Back 61

color composites

Front 62

What do we assign to represent Landsat bands?

Back 62

colors

Front 63

Rock has what kind of reflection?

Back 63

high

(low absorption)

Front 64

A red band is typically converted to which gun?

Back 64

green

Front 65

A near-infrared band is typically converted to which gun?

Back 65

red

Front 66

A green band is typically converted to what gun?

Back 66

blue gun

Front 67

What is a surface's "fingerprint," or ratio of reflective and emittive characteristics at specified wavelengths of the EMS?

Back 67

spectral signature

Front 68

Describe the size of a micron

Back 68

One millionth of a meter

Front 69

Draw the spectral signature of water with the correct reflectance and wavelengths

Back 69

Front 70

Define, in remote sensing terms, the word "spatial."

Back 70

the size of the field of view

Front 71

Define, in remote sensing terms, the word "spectral resolution"

Back 71

the number and size of spectral regions the sensor records data in

Front 72

Define, in remote sensing terms, the word "temporal resolution"

Back 72

how often the sensor records data

Front 73

Define, in remote sensing terms, the word "radiometric resolution"

Back 73

the sensitivity of the detectors to small differences in electromagnetic energy

Front 74

What are picture elements?

Back 74

reflected energy recorded as pixels

Front 75

What is spatial resolution determined by?

Back 75

Instantaneous Field-of-View of the satellite or aircraft

Front 76

What is the angular cone of visibility of the sensor called?

Back 76

Instantaneous Field-of-View

Front 77

IFOV varies with what 2 factors?

Back 77

1. angle of view

2. altitude of sensor

Front 78

The path of the satellite that is, has been, and will be imaged on the surface is called

Back 78

swath

Front 79

The smallest slice of a band or portion of the EMS that a sensor can record is called

Back 79

radiometric resolution

Front 80

What is the radiometric resolution of Landsat 8?

Back 80

12 bits per pixel

Front 81

What is the name for the relationship between reflectance signal to noise?

Back 81

signal-to-noise ratio

Front 82

What type of distortions cause noise?

Back 82

sensor distortions and atmospheric distortions

Front 83

Which has a clearer signal: a high signal-to-noise ratio or low?

Back 83

high is clearer

Front 84

When did Landsat 8 launch?

Back 84

2-8-2013

Front 85

What is the spectral resolution of Landsat 8?

Back 85

11 bands (but 12 bit)

Front 86

What is the distance of Landsat 8's orbit?

Back 86

705 km

Front 87

What is Landsat 8's swath width?

Back 87

185 km

Front 88

What is the repeat cycle and temporal resolution of Landsat 8?

Back 88

16 day repeat cycle

temporal resolution = 233 orbits

Front 89

What does Landsat 7 ETM stand for?

Back 89

Enhanced Thematic Mapper

Front 90

When did Landsat 7 launch?

Back 90

1999

Front 91

How many spectral bands did Landsat 7 have?

Back 91

8

Front 92

The pixel value is a function of what 4 types of resolution?

Back 92

1. spectral

2. spatial

3. radiometric

4. temporal

Front 93

One of the tradeoffs between satellite resolutions is that if it has a high radiometric resolution....?

Back 93

the spectral or spatial resolution will be lower

Front 94

One of the tradeoffs between satellite resolutions is that if it has a high spatial resolution, it will have....?

Back 94

lower radiometric resolution due to the smaller IFOV

Front 95

What type of energy does LIDAR use?

Back 95

lazer

Front 96

Name the 2 components of electromagnetic waves

Back 96

1. magnetic field

2. electric field

Front 97

Which end of the visible spectrum has the largest wavelengths?

Back 97

red

Front 98

Each (blank) has a digital numeric value

Back 98

pixel

Front 99

If something reflects less energy, will it be lighter or darker?

Back 99

darker

Front 100

a micrometer is what size?

Back 100

.001 of a meter

Front 101

Will rocks appear light or dark?

Back 101

light (high reflectance)

Front 102

We take infrared images and convert them to

Back 102

false color composite images

Front 103

Are shorter wavelengths more or less sensitive to rough surfaces?

Back 103

more

Front 104

Name the 4 resolutions

Back 104

1. spatial

2. spectral

3. temporal

4. radiometric

Front 105

The smaller the pixel, the (???) the resolution

Back 105

higher

Front 106

A pixel can only have one numeric value. We have to take the average of all the numeric values present in the pixel. How can we make the image more accurate?

Back 106

Use smaller pixels (higher resolution)

Front 107

Would you use coarse or fine resolution to measure infrared?

Back 107

coarse because infrared is weak energy

Front 108

The area that a satellite currently sees is called the

Back 108

scene

(swath is its path of sight)

Front 109

An 8 or 12 bit resolution refers to

Back 109

quantization levels

Front 110

Name the 2 sensors Landsat 8 uses.

Back 110

1. OLI (operational land imager)

2. TIRS (thermal infrared sensor)

Front 111

In what region of the EMS does water reflect the highest?

Back 111

blue

Front 112

*Which resolution is directly determined by the IFOV of the sensor?

Back 112

spatial resolution

Front 113

*Which type of satellite orbits earth entirely?

Back 113

sun-synchronous

Front 114

Is Landsat sun or earth-synchronous? Why?

Back 114

sun, because its sensors needs its light energy

Front 115

What is the temporal resolution of Landsat 8?

Back 115

16 days

Front 116

In what region do plants reflect the lowest?

Back 116

red