Religious Test 3

Front 1

The Last Prophet according to Islam

Back 1

Muhammad

Front 2

Mohammad's first wife

Back 2

Khadija

Front 3

Mohammad's nephew, considered to be the rightful heir to the Prophet by Shia Muslims.

Back 3

'Ali

Front 4

Friend and father-in-law to Mohammad

Back 4

Abu Bakr

Front 5

One of the most powerful and influential caliphs. Succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

Back 5

Umar

Front 6

3rd of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and twice son-in-law to the prophet Muhammad.

Back 6

Uthman

Front 7

Daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadijah, wife of Ali and mother of Hasan and Husayn.

Back 7

Fatima

Front 8

Son of Ali and Fatima, first of the Shia Imams.

Back 8

Husayn

Front 9

Favorite of Mohammad's wives, daughter of Abu Bakr.

Back 9

Aisha

Front 10

Leader of the Ottoman Turks and the founder and namesake of the dynasty that established and ruled the Ottoman Empire.

Back 10

Osman I

Front 11

Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavid dynasty which survived until 1736.

Back 11

Shah Isma'il

Front 12

Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death. He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India.

Back 12

Akbar the Great

Front 13

Arabic scholar; born in 1703; felt that Islam had strayed too far from its founding traditions.

Back 13

Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab

Front 14

One of the greatest Muslim scholars of eighteenth-century India; argued that Islam had stagnated and pushed for reinterpretation of the text.

Back 14

Shah Wali Allah

Front 15

Most important reformer of modern Islam. Taught that Muslims should take the best of their traditions along with modern western thought to create a stronger Islam.

Back 15

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani

Front 16

Egyptian Islamic jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer; student of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani. Called into question traditional Islamic practices.

Back 16

Muhammad Abduh

Front 17

Indian Muslim, argued that religious reform could only come about from political autonomy. His ideas gave rise to the establishment of Pakistan.

Back 17

Muhammad Iqbal

Front 18

The founder of the Nation of Islam; disappeared in 1934.

Back 18

Wallace Fard Muhammad

Front 19

Secular reformist; cracked down on some Islamic practices. Founded the modern state of Turkey.

Back 19

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Front 20

African-American religious leader, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali, and his son, Warith Deen Mohammed.

Back 20

Elijah Muhammad

Front 21

American Muslim minister and a human rights activist. Assassinated in 1965.

Back 21

Malcolm X

Front 22

African American Muslim leader, theologian, philosopher, Muslim revivalist and Islamic thinker who disbanded the Nation of Islam and transformed it into an orthodox mainstream Islamic movement which later became the American Society of Muslims.

Back 22

Warith Deen Muhammad

Front 23

Birth of Muhammad. Date.

Back 23

c. 570 CE

Front 24

Revelation comes to
Muhammad. Date.

Back 24

610 CE

Front 25

Muhammad flees to Medina. Date.

Back 25

622 CE

Front 26

Death of Muhammad. Date.

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632 CE

Front 27

Uthman collects the Qu'ran. Date.

Back 27

c. 653 CE

Front 28

Rule of the four "Rightly Guided Caliphs." Date.

Back 28

632-661

Front 29

Rule of Ali. Date.

Back 29

656-661

Front 30

Umayyad Rule. Date.

Back 30

661-750

Front 31

Abbasid Revolution. Date.

Back 31

750

Front 32

Mongols sack Baghdad. Date.

Back 32

1258

Front 33

Ottoman Empire founded. Date.

Back 33

1299

Front 34

Safavid Empire Founded. Date.

Back 34

1501

Front 35

Mughal Empire Founded. Date.

Back 35

1526

Front 36

Ottoman Empire collapses. Date.

Back 36

1923

Front 37

Malcolm X assassinated. Date.

Back 37

1965

Front 38

The name of Mohammad's birth year.

Back 38

Year of the Elephant

Front 39

Islamic holy text. The word of God.

Back 39

Qur'an.

Front 40

Concept of monotheism in Islam meaning doctrine of "the oneness" of God.

Back 40

Tawhid

Front 41

Chapter of the Qu'ran.

Back 41

Sura

Front 42

The opening sura of the Qu'ran. Plays an essential role in the daily prayer.

Back 42

Fatiha

Front 43

Word meaning "In the name of Allah" or "In the name of God."

Back 43

Bismallah

Front 44

Abraham's house in Mecca, center of the Islamic world.

Back 44

Ka'ba

Front 45

The corpus of the reports of the teachings, deeds and sayings of Muhammad.

Back 45

Hadith

Front 46

Birthplace of Mohammad, central city in Islam.

Back 46

Mecca

Front 47

The city to which Mohammad fled.

Back 47

Medina

Front 48

Confession or witness of faith; core statement of orthodoxy. Seen as the summation of Islamic theology. One of the five pillars of Islam.

Back 48

Shahada

Front 49

Prayer; ritual prayer. One of the five pillars of

Islam.

Back 49

Salat

Front 50

Giving alms; charity. One of the five pillars of Islam.

Back 50

Zakat

Front 51

Fasting during the month of Ramadan. One of the five pillars of Islam.

Back 51

Sawm

Front 52

Pilgrimage to Mecca. One of the five pillars of Islam.

Back 52

Hajj

Front 53

Person acting in Muhammad's place after his death, i.e. the leader of Islam.

Back 53

Caliph

Front 54

Term used in Sunni
Islam to refer to the first four caliphs

Back 54

Rightly Guided Calpihs

Front 55

Islamic leadership position. It is most commonly in the context of a worship leader of a mosque and Muslim community by Sunni Muslims. Has a more central meaning and role in Islam for Shi'as.

Back 55

Imam

Front 56

Second of the four major caliphates. Overthrown by the Abbasids in 750.

Back 56

Umayyad

Front 57

Third of the four major caliphates. Lost its prominence with the Mongol sack of Baghdad in 1258, and most of its political power with the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517.

Back 57

Abbasids

Front 58

Massacre of Husayn and his followers.

Back 58

Karbala

Front 59

The tenth day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar commemorating the Massacre of Karbala.

Back 59

Ashura

Front 60

Followers of Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin Ali, whom tthey believe to be Muhammad's successor in the Caliphate.

Back 60

Shi'a

Front 61

Sect of Islam with the most followers.

Back 61

Sunni

Front 62

A concept in Islam, defined by scholars as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam; others contend that it is a perennial philosophy of existence that pre-dates religion, the expression of which flowered within the Islamic religion.

Back 62

Sufism

Front 63

Contemporary usage by Muslims refers to the religious elite of scholars at the top of the sectarian hierarchy.

Back 63

Ulama

Front 64

Islamic legal term that means "independent reasoning" or "the utmost effort an individual can put forth in an activity."

Back 64

Ijtihad

Front 65

Turkic empire that lasted from 1299-1923.

Back 65

Ottoman Empire

Front 66

Persian Empire that lasted from 1501-1722.

Back 66

Safavid Empire

Front 67

Indian Empire that lasted from 1526-1858.

Back 67

Mughal Empire

Front 68

Offshoot of Sunni Islam. It has been variously described as "orthodox", "ultraconservative", "austere" and"fundamentalist."

Back 68

Wahhabism

Front 69

Islamic religious movement founded in Detroit, Michigan, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930.

Back 69

Nation of Islam

Front 70

Islamic month of fasting.

Back 70

Ramadan