Religions

Front 1

The idea that the group lives in the individual relates to indigenous peoples’ orientation of

Back 1

collective identity

Front 2

Evidence suggests that the function of burial in indigenous societies was to

Back 2

open a gateway to an afterlife

Front 3

Becoming a ________requires an initiation and is often described as a death-and-rebirth experience.

Back 3

shaman

Front 4

For indigenous societies, being religious meant

Back 4

experiencing an embodied engagement with the world

Front 5

The Kung San of southern Africa are one of the most studied and late-surviving ____________ groups in the world.

Back 5

Hunter-gatherer

Front 6

Which of the following was NOT a major concern in indigenous societies?

Back 6

trade

Front 7

Sacred sites that are considered places of original revelations are believed to be intensely alive with spiritual power, or a ________ presence.

Back 7

numinous

Front 8

In indigenous societies humans perceived _____ to be like sleep rather than a dissolution of the body.

Back 8

death

Front 9

The most basic expressions of religion include:

Back 9

ritual, ability to create meaning, sacred space, devotion

Front 10

When humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies, we believe that they regularly sought assistance from the spirits of their ancestors through ______________

Back 10

altered states of consciousness.

Front 11

A people’s cosmogony explains the world’s _____ and its essential powers.

Back 11

origins

Front 12

The term “indigenous religions” implies that the social and religious lives of the groups are

Back 12

rooted deeply to a given place

Front 13

______ shamans refer to Westerners who promote shamanic tradition in their businesses and organizations.

Back 13

white

Front 14

According to French sociologist Emile Durkheim, religion’s power to _________ keeps it central to human life.

Back 14

bind us together

Front 15

The most common shaman’s role worldwide is the ability to _____.

Back 15

heal

Front 16

The 19th century movement that North American shamans created to try to restore native peoples’ place in the world was called the _______.

Back 16

Ghost Dance

Front 17

Shamans across the world are predominantly ____.

Back 17

male

Front 18

The first shaman, an animal-human figure, may be shown in _____ art, suggesting that shamanism had its origins in the prehistoric era.

Back 18

cave

Front 19

Across the globe, the role of a shaman is considered to be

Back 19

mortally dangerous

Front 20

The four religious figures central to understanding the world’s religions are _______

Back 20

shaman, sage, priest, prophet

Front 21

A term that means “representing the gods” is ______.

Back 21

divine

Front 22

The term “ethical” in relation to World Religions is right action as expressed in _____ and______.

Back 22

myth and ritual

Front 23

A ______________ rejects important aspects of modernity and desires to return to the “purer” socio-political order of their ancestors:

Back 23

fundamentalist

Front 24

Encounters with other religions, not only across the globe but also within our own neighborhoods (more than before):

Back 24

globalization

Front 25

From the ancient Greek meaning “to choose:”

Back 25

heretic

Front 26

The term for all-encompassing sacred stories through which humans interpreted life in their respective cultures is ____________.

Back 26

metanarratives

Front 27

Characterized by viewing religion as a matter of private personal faith or opinion rather than objective public knowledge:

Back 27

modern

Front 28

Characterized by a collapse of all metanarratives, including those from religion and science:

Back 28

post-modern

Front 29

When religion played the decisive role in explaining and ordering life:

Back 29

pre-modern

Front 30

Expresses the sense of being “tied and bound” to whatever powers we believe govern our destiny:

Back 30

religion

Front 31

The authors argue that myth is:

Back 31

an imaginative story conveying the essential truths of life

Front 32

Conforming to a tradition’s doctrines is called ___________________

Back 32

orthodoxy

Front 33

The world’s oldest religious specialist:

Back 33

is called a shaman

Front 34

Sacredness means:

Back 34

what matters most to a given community

Front 35

Religious language:

Back 35

is almost always symbolic

Front 36

A form of religious language is:

Back 36

via negative
via analogia.
in metaphor

Front 37

When humans began to individuate away from the premodern collective consciousness at the beginning of urbanization and see themselves as individuals, suddenly ___________ became a big personal problem.

Back 37

death

Front 38

The three great centers of civilization in the ancient world where the great world religions emerged are:

Back 38

China, India, the Middle East

Front 39

The first written expression dealing with the crisis of death that came about as a result of urbanization was ____________________

Back 39

The Epic of Gilgamesh

Front 40

The great world religions emerged to answer questions raised by the crisis of _______, __________, and _________..

Back 40

morality, morality, meaning

Front 41

The problem of life is “time” in:

Back 41

myths of nature

Front 42

Two embodiments of the myth of liberation are ______ and _______.

Back 42

Hinduism and Buddhism

Front 43

In myths of History, the central metaphor of religious expression is _______ and time is seen as a vehicle for encountering ultimate reality; ________ and __________ are myths of history.

Back 43

story, Judaism and Christianity

Front 44

The first religious tradition to spread its beliefs, practices, and critiques of nonbelievers globally was:

Back 44

Christianity

Front 45

The Medieval mystical movement within Judaism and means “handed down”:

Back 45

Kabbalah

Front 46

The name of the Hebrew Bible is_____.

Back 46

Tanakah

Front 47

Another word for Rabbi is ______.

Back 47

teacher

Front 48

The Hebrew Bible is divided into three sections:

Back 48

1. Torah (the teachings)
2. Nevi’im (the prophets)
3. Ketuvim (the writings)

Front 49

Cultural divisions that emerged in the Middle Ages are:

Back 49

Sephardic and Ashkenazic

Front 50

The Patriarchs of Judaism:

Back 50

Abraham, Isaac and Jacob

Front 51

Movement founded by Israel ben Eliezer, a mystic and faith healer, also known as Baal Shem Tov (good master of the Holy Name) is _____.

Back 51

Hasidism

Front 52

The religious specialist within Hasidism is called a Tzaddik or __________

Back 52

righteous man.

Front 53

Undergirding the commandments is the conviction that a ______ (promise) exists between YHWH and his people with responsibilities on both sides.

Back 53

covenant

Front 54

Established Jerusalem as a capital city and brought the ark of the covenant into it:

Back 54

David

Front 55

The prophet that warned of destruction and spoke of a new covenant with the house of Israel:

Back 55

Jeremiah

Front 56

Psalm 137 is a manifestation of the sorrow felt by the Jews during their captivity in ______________

Back 56

Babylonia

Front 57

The Jewish New Year, recalling the creation of the world, and is begun by the blowing of the shofar reminding people they stand before God is ____________.

Back 57

Rosh Hashanah.

Front 58

Prayer Shawl that covers a man’s head and body during prayer is called:

Back 58

talit

Front 59

The faction concerned with ritual purity and careful practice of religious laws, and the only faction to continue after the destruction of the Second Temple_____________

Back 59

Pharisees

Front 60

The term referring to the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel is:

Back 60

diaspora

Front 61

The interpretive work, called ____________ (seeking out), became a central focus of evolving Judaism.

Back 61

midrash

Front 62

The _______ Talmud is considered the second most important body of Jewish literature after the Hebrew Bible itself, and contains legal material (halakhah) and non-legal anecdotes and tales (haggadah, tradition).

Back 62

Babylonian

Front 63

Medieval thinker called Ramdan, who wrote “The Guide for the Perplexed” in which contains the 13 rules of faith.

Back 63

Moses Maimonides

Front 64

The Hebrew term referring to one of the greatest crimes ever committed against humanity, called the Holocaust, is _____

Back 64

Shoah

Front 65

The Tanakh was primarily originally written in the ______________ language.

Back 65

Hebrew

Front 66

Central to all forms of Judaism is keeping the ______ (Shabbat), the seventh day of the week, as a special day. When kept properly, the observance is felt to sanctify the entire week.

Back 66

Sabbath

Front 67

Ten days after Rosh Hashanah comes the most sacred day of the year, ______, the Day of Atonement (see Lev 16) and this day has traditionally been kept by prayer and strict fasting, with no food or drink during the entire day.

Back 67

Yom Kippur

Front 68

______ is considered the great liberator/lawgiver and is often referred to as the founder of Judaism.

Back 68

Moses

Front 69

The weeklong festival of _______ (Pesach) occurs in the first lunar month and its primary role is to recall the Hebrews exodus from Egypt and to symbolize their liberation (Deut 16:1-8). The event is a memorial meal, the _____ (order), at which Jews eat several symbolic foods.

Back 69

Passover , seder

Front 70

Movement within Judaism that embraces enlightenment ideals and conducts services in the native language and Hebrew and whose goal is to modernize Judaism:

Back 70

Reform

Front 71

Movement that formed in response to the Reform and states change is always a part of religion and uses study and discussion to guide change carefully is called ________ Judaism.

Back 71

conservative

Front 72

The secular forms of Judaism are _________, __________ and ________

Back 72

Jewish Socialism, Ethnic Judaism, and Zionism.

Front 73

The three steps to the creation of the State of Israel are:

Back 73

1. Theodore Herzl and the Jewish State
2. The Balfour declaration
3. The Holocaust

Front 74

The pivotal event in the development of secular (political) Zionism that occurred in France in 1894 and prompted Theodore Herzl propose a Jewish State was;

Back 74

Dreyfus affair

Front 75

The founder of Christianity is ________

Back 75

Jesus of Nazareth.

Front 76

For Protestants, it is an undeserved gift of God’s acceptance of the sinner given through faith; for Catholics it is an undeserved gift that transforms the sinner and enables the sinner to cooperate with God’s work of spiritual renewal of the individual.
This term is called_______.

Back 76

grace

Front 77

Gospel means:

Back 77

"good news"

Front 78

New Testament and __________mean the same thing and was foretold in Jeremiah as Christians see it as the fulfillment of the Old Covenant.

Back 78

New Covenant

Front 79

The general theme of Jesus’ teachings to be completed at his Second Coming when all injustice is overcome and suffering and death will be no more, was the_________

Back 79

Kingdom of God

Front 80

Two familiar parables mentioned in the lecture are:

Back 80

The Good Samaritan and The Prodigal Son

Front 81

Three disciples singled out by Jesus to witness certain significant events in his ministry:

Back 81

Peter, James and John

Front 82

The four Gospels are ________

Back 82

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John

Front 83

One gospel presents the teachings and authority of Jesus in impressive accounts and discourses, such as those that feature the “I am” sayings. That Gospel is _________.

Back 83

John

Front 84

A rite believed to be a means of or visible form of grace is called a _____________

Back 84

sacrament

Front 85

The birth of the Church and the coming of the Holy Spirit happened during the Jewish feast known as Sukkoth, 50 days after Passover, and is called _________ in Christianity.

Back 85

Pentecost

Front 86

The proclamation, or _____________ (the message or proclamation of the early Christians, particularly Peter as he stood and proclaimed the gospel and Jesus as the Messiah)

Back 86

kerygma

Front 87

A revelation; a prophetic vision of the destruction of evil and salvation of the righteous is found in the last book of the Bible and is known as an _________.

Back 87

apocalypse

Front 88

A convert to Christianity who receives instruction in preparation for baptism and entrance into the church is called a _________________.

Back 88

catechumen

Front 89

Bishop of Rome and successor of the Apostle Peter according to the Roman Catholic tradition is called the ____

Back 89

pope

Front 90

. Doctrine that God is a unity of three persons: the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is:

Back 90

Trinity

Front 91

. Roman Emperor who ended persecution of Christians in the Empire and who created the model in which the church is ruled by the state, through the Christian emperor, as the form Christian civilization should take:

Back 91

Constantine

Front 92

another term for the letters of Paul, Peter, James, Jude, and John in the Bible is called _______.

Back 92

epistles

Front 93

Those who insisted on teaching what the main body of Christians officially rejected were called ______.

Back 93

heretic

Front 94

The Council of Nicea was called in 325 CE by Constantine in order to seek unity among Christians and to combat in the main the teachings of _____________who taught that Christ was human not divine.

Back 94

Arius

Front 95

The Council of Chalcedon in 451 settled the question of Christ’s nature and dogmatically stated that Jesus Christ was fully ____ and fully ______.

Back 95

divine and human

Front 96

Wrote in his autobiography, Confessions, “For Thou made us for yourself, and our heart is restless until it repose in thee;” he also wrote “The City of God.”

Back 96

Augustine Bishop of Hippo

Front 97

The split between the Roman Catholic tradition and the Greek Orthodox tradition occurred in the year _______ CE

Back 97

1054

Front 98

The monk and university professor who nailed his Ninety-five Theses to the door of the castle church at Wittenberg in 1517 calling for a debate over some abuses in the Catholic Church and initiated the Protestant Reformation.

Back 98

Martin Luther

Front 99

Of the seven sacraments held sacred by the Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches, the two sacraments kept by the Protestants after the Reformation were ____________

Back 99

Eucharist (Lord’s Supper) and Baptism.

Front 100

A Pharisee, convert to Christianity, who wrote 13 epistles included in the canon of New Testament, and was the first great missionary to the Gentiles:

the apostle _______.

Back 100

Paul

Front 101

The New Testament was written in

Back 101

Greek

Front 102

The view that the task of Christianity is to transform every society into a Christian society comprising two branches: Church and State is called _____________.

Back 102

Augustinianism

Front 103

The term used in your text to describe some beliefs and practices of a religion that are Christianized versions of indigenous pre-Christian religious elements is:

Back 103

syncretistic

Front 104

Form of pietist Christianity that emphasizes the centrality of the “born again” experience of spiritual transformation rather than dogma as the key to Christian authenticity and union among Christians in all its diversity is _________.

Back 104

evangelical

Front 105

No matter how different interpretations of Islam are, the practice that unites all Muslims is the _______.

Back 105

Five Pillars

Front 106

Arabic word for God:

Back 106

Allah

Front 107

Islamic law as found in the Quran; also means the “right” or “straight” path:

Back 107

Shariah

Front 108

“Islam” means:

Back 108

submission or surrender

Front 109

“The disaster,” as it is known in Muslim literature and consciousness, that triggered a period of doubt and self-examination in the 1970s was about:

Back 109

losing major territories, including Jerusalem, to Israel

Front 110

The ulama are

Back 110

Islamic religious scholars

Front 111

Five Pillars of Faith

Back 111

Shahada (creed)

Salat (pray 5 times a day)

Zakat (almsgiving or charity)

Sawm (fast during Ramadan)

Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime, if one is able)

Front 112

Traditionally, on Fridays the noon prayer is a congregational prayer that takes place in a _____.

Back 112

Mosque

Front 113

. Islamic law allows a man to marry _ wives, only if he can support and treat them all equally.

Back 113

4

Front 114

______ is the name of the mystical tradition in Islam.

Back 114

Sufism

Front 115

______ is considered the sacred language of Islam in which Muslims pray and recite the Quran.

Back 115

Arabic

Front 116

The emigration from Mecca to Yathrib/Medina in 622 CE/yr 1 became the most significant event in Islamic history and is called the ____ in Arabic.

Back 116

Hijra (hegira)

Front 117

The ________ consists of hundreds of thousands of stories, or hadiths, about Muhammad and the largest sect of Islam is named for it. (Sunnis)

Back 117

sunna

Front 118

The founder of Islam is ________.

Back 118

Muhammad

Front 119

According to Qur’an, the “People of the Book” included ____ and _______.

Back 119

Jews and Christians

Front 120

. When Muhammad was born, the orientation of the tribes in Arabia was on the world, with little belief in an afterlife or divine judgment and was characterized by_______________.

Back 120

polytheism

Front 121

Of the over 1 billion Muslims in the world today, most are _______________.

Back 121

moderate

Front 122

The Islamic world has witnessed upheaval and renewal since the nineteenth century as a result of European ____________.

Back 122

colonialism

Front 123

Wahhabi Islam, the official form of Islam in ___________, is among the most ultraconservative interpretations of Islam

Back 123

Saudi Arabia

Front 124

Islamic modernist reformers emphasized the need for Ijihad, or the _________, of Islamic law.

Back 124

reinterpretation

Front 125

_____ bombing is a particularly contentious issue among Muslim religious authorities, particularly involving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Back 125

suicide

Front 126

Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

Back 126

jihad

Front 127

Sunnis and Shi’as split due to a

Back 127

difference in opinion over who should lead the Muslim community following Muhammad’s death

Front 128

The pilgrimage to Mecca is called

Back 128

Hajj

Front 129

The ________ Dynasty is considered the golden age or cultural peak of Islam.

Back 129

Abbasid