Religion - Grade 8

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Edict of Milan (313 AD)

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decree that recognized the right of Christians to worship; ended the persecution of the Church in the Roman empire.

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Council of Jerusalem (AD 49)

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decided that a Gentile could be baptized without having to observe the ritual practices of the Mosaic Law.

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synagogue

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a Jewish place of worship.

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St. Mary Magdalene

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the first one to see the Risen Christ after the resurrection, who then told the disciples.

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St. Stephen

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first person reported in the Scriptures to give his life for his faith in Jesus.

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St. Paul

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initially a persecutor of the early Christian community, but then an apostle of Christ.

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Nero

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Roman emperor who persecuted the followers of Jesus during the first century. He falsely blamed Christians for the burning of the city of Rome in 64 AD.

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Council of Nicea (325 AD)

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defined the Christian belief that Jesus is begotten of God, not one of God's creatures.

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Council of Ephesus (431 AD)

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declared that Jesus is truly a divine Person as well as fully human and that his mother is, therefore, the Mother of God.

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Council of Chalcedon (451 AD)

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declared that the Son of God is one Person with two natures, one human, one divine. Jesus is true God and true man.

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St. Jerome

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translator of the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into Latin.

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St. Monica

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a devout Christian from North Africa, prayed for over thirty years for the conversion of her son, St. Augustine.

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St. Ignatius of Antioch

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third bishop of Antioch who was martyred around 110 AD.

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Saints Perpetua and Felicity

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courageous women who suffered martyrdom in 202 AD during a persecution in Carthage, North Africa.

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St. Augustine

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before his conversion, he led an unsettled and restless life, searching for the truth. After he converted and baptized by St. Ambrose, he became an outstanding teacher, bishop and defender of the faith. He died in 430 AD.

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St. Patrick

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a man of great prayer and penance; he is famous for his missionary activity among the Irish during the 5th century; the cathedral of the Archdiocese of New York is named in his honor.

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Emperor Diocletian

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many Christians were martyred or sent into exile during his reign.

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Constantine

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first Roman emperor to become a Christian, who issued the Edict of Milan.

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Pentecost

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day in which the apostles received the Holy Spirit and the Church was made manifest to the world.

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Dominicans - Order of Preachers

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religious order who spread the gospel in the growing cities of Europe during the early 13th century.

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Black Death (Black Plague)

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struck in Europe three times during the 14th century; as a result, many clergy died of ministering to the sick.

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St. Dominic

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established an order of men who traveled throughout Europe to preach and teach called the Dominican preachers.

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St. Francis of Assisi

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a nobleman, poet, mystic, who greatly loved God's creation, and gave up a life of wealth in order to follow Christ. He founded the Franciscan order.

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St. Thomas Aquinas

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a Dominican priest who was one of the greatest philosophers and theologians who wrote Summa Theologica (summary of Theology-summary of the Catholic faith)

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Crusades

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military campaigns to reconquer the Holy Land from the Muslims; it started in 1095

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Schism of 1054 (Eastern Schism)

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separation between Christians of the Eastern and Western world due to cultural, political and theological differences.

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Protestant Reformation

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a movement that led large numbers of Christians to protest against the Church of Rome during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

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Council of Trent (1545-63)

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it addressed the Catholic Church's need for reform, sought to clarify Catholic teaching and strengthen discipline within the Church.

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Counter-Reformation

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period in which Catholic leaders succeeded in reestablishing Catholicism in some parts of Europe that had gone over to Protestantism.

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Enlightenment (18th Century)

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presented new challenges to the Church based of new ideas in science and human reasoning.

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St. Thomas More

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appointed Chancellor by King Henry VIII; refused to cooperate with Henry's attack on the sanctity of marriage and the teaching authority of the Pope; martyred in 1535.

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St. Theresa of Avila

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a Spanish nun and mystic who is known for her courage, prayer and profound love of God; reformed Carmelite religious life and proclaimed a "Doctor of the Church" by Pope Paul VI in 1970.

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Second Vatican Council (1962-65)

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called by Pope John XXIII to reform and renew the Church such as a renewal of the liturgy, a greater participation of the laity in the Church, ecumenism, and universal recognition to the right for religious freedom.

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St. Elizabeth Ann Seton

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first American-born person to be canonized; a New Yorker who converted to Catholicism from the Anglican Church; she founded the Sisters of Charity in 1809; helped to develop the Catholic school system in the U.S.

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Rerum Novarum (1891)

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an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII in the late 19th century that discussed the subject of justice for workers.

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Thomas Merton

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a Trappist monk and a gifted writer who wrote extensively about the spiritual life, monasticism and the need for world peace.

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John Calvin

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one of the many people who separated from the Church of Rome (Roman Catholic Church) and established a Protestant denomination called Calvinists.

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Archbishop Oscar Romero

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Archbishop of San Salvador who was assassinated in 1980 because of his stand on human rights and his work to promote justice and peace in his country, El Salvador.

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Dorothy Day

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a convert to Catholicism who by her example encouraged many to feed the hungry and clothe the naked; founder of the Catholic Worker movement and labored most of her life in NYC and died in 1980.

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St. Maximilian Kolbe

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a Polish Catholic priest who fulfilled the gospel message by laying down his life for another during WWII.

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St. Catherine of Siena

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a Dominican lay woman who lived in the 14th century who was a counselor of popes. She was named "Doctor of the Church" because of her profound spiritual writings.

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Beatitudes

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reveal the way of living that characterizes God's kingdom.

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Incarnation

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doctrine that teaches us that God became man through Jesus Christ.

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Liturgy

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the Eucharistic celebration of the Mass.

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Paschal Mystery

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Jesus' life, death, resurrection and ascension.

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Free Will

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the power to act or not to act according to reason and will. All people are created with this gift of freedom.

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Conscience

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the inner sense or power by which we judge an act to be right or wrong.

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Magisterium

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Church's teachings that address moral and theological dilemmas.

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Venial Sin

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sin that weakens our relationship with God because it is an action we know is wrong, yet freely choose to do.

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Mortal sin

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sin that completely turns us away from God because our action is evil, we have clear knowledge of the action, and yet we freely choose to do.

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Captial Sin

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the seven basic tendancies (vices) in us which are the chief sources of sin in our lives.