Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Miracle
|
(Hume’s definition)
1. violation of natural law 2. caused by a supernatural being |
|
|
Petitionary Prayer
|
asking God for something
- Problem of Petitionary Prayer: following 3 things are not coherent… 1. God is omniscient 2. God has a plan 3. Petitionary prayer is effective - Christian religion is full of this |
|
|
Deism
|
no room for divine action/intrusion
|
|
|
Open Theism
|
Lucas
|
|
|
Process Theology
|
Cobb and Griffin/Hick
|
|
|
Molinism
|
God can only make the best possible world; human beings are responsible for their actions; human beings can choose either good or evil
|
|
|
Theological Determinism
|
all divine action; no free will; determinism; Calvin/Pike
|
|
|
Providence
|
a way of understanding God’s nature
|
|
|
Special Acts of Providence
|
violations of natural law
|
|
|
General Acts of Providence
|
determinism – God’s actions are built into God’s plan
|
|
|
Effective Grace
|
no choice for people to refuse God’s grace – everyone must accept it as God wills it (found in New Testament)
|
|
|
Enabling Grace
|
people can refuse God’s call, refuse conversion (found in New Testament)
|
|
|
Accommodation
|
- Helm’s idea that “risky” scriptures only accommodate for God
- God adapts God’s self to human incapacity, but really God is greater |
|
|
Justinian
|
closed Greek schools of philosophy in Athens
|
|
|
Copernicus
|
Heliocentrism - sun at center of the universe with other planets revolving around it (controversial)
|
|
|
Galileo
|
Worked to refine Copernicus' theory
|
|
|
Conflict Model
|
-Religion and Science are always in conflict with one another
-Scientific Naturalism -Biblical Literalism |
|
|
Scientific Naturalism
|
evolution
|
|
|
Biblical Literalism
|
Bible is word-for-word accurate
|
|
|
epiphenomenon
|
Dawkins
-secondary phenomenon that grows out of a primary phenomenon -is the mind an epiphenomenon of the brain? |
|
|
obscurantism
|
against intellectual development
What the Pope is doing Dawkins is against this |
|
|
Speciesist
|
What the Pope is doing
Dawkins is against this |
|
|
magesterium
|
Gould
-religion has proper teaching office and so does science -should keep science and religion separate -non-overlapping magisteria (NOMA) |
|
|
concordat
|
Gould
-should be a peace treaty between religion and science -scientists and religious leaders should be "mutually humble" |
|
|
foundationalism
|
Nancy Murphy
-older form of theory of knowledge - stability of whole depends on foundation -vs. holism |
|
|
holism
|
Nancy Murphy
-knowledge much more like a web because all beliefs about ourselves, society = interrelated and interdependent -vs. fundamentalism |
|
|
20th century: 3 fundamental modern challenges to religion
|
1. problem of evil
2. naturalistic or reductive accounts of religion 3. problem of religious language |
|
|
univocal language
|
words mean the same thing
ex: politician |
|
|
equivocal language
|
words mean different things
ex: bank (river? or money?) |
|
|
Analogy
|
Aquinas' solution to the problem of talking about God.
language can have meaning with the use of analogy |
|
|
"picture" theory of meaning
|
think ofpictures/images in our heads that guide us towards something real in the world
|
|
|
Logical positivist
|
against the picture theory of meaning
verification principle |
|
|
Verification Principle
|
religious belief lacking in meaning/fact
|
|
|
realists
|
claims against the idea that there is an independent reality out there that we can find and measure in truth
D.Z. Phillips rejects this |
|
|
non-realists
|
role of human minds in shaping categories of what is/isn't real
happens on the inside of our minds D.Z. Phillips rejects this |
|
|
Fideism
|
must start with faith to reason religion
|
|
|
Strong Rationalism
|
must start with reason to reason religion
|
|
|
Limits of Reason
|
reason can only get us far enough to say: "God is" or "God isn't"
Pascal |
|
|
Wagering is not optional
|
Pascal
you have to choose - you can wager either of or against God Probably good to wager for God because you have everything to gain |
|
|
"Ethics of Belief"
|
Clifford
Doesn't depend on: 1. content, what you believe 2. whether the belief is true or false 3. the consequence of your belief Does depend on whether the person has the right to arrive at that belief based on the evidence |
|
|
Objective Reflection
|
Kierkegaard
what is said, content of what's said |
|
|
Subjective Reflection
|
Kierkegaard
how something is said - if you've said it in the right way |
|
|
Daikonia
|
service to society - part of the church's job
Pope John Paul II philosophy should use religion |
|
|
sapiential dimension
|
religion reminds philosophers of the ultimate wisdom and truth
Pope John Paul II |
|
|
Materialism
|
D'Holbach
Badham We are a part of the rest of the natural order of things - there is no afterlife, nothing more than there is now |
|
|
Dualism
|
Plato
Price Das human beings each consist of body and soul - they are separable from each other life after death depends on the soul |
|
|
Psycho-Somatic Unity
|
Swinburne
Hick the only way to defend the notion of life after death is to imagine some sort of resurrection of the body -physically identical? (Badham) -completely different? (Swinburne) -substantially similar? (Hick) |
|
|
Evidence for continuation of existence?
|
1. Theistic arguments:
-human kinship with the divine -divine power/justice/moral argument -divine love 2. Nontheistic arguments: -the argument from desire -arguments from mind/body dualism 3. "Empirical" Evidence (psychic research, memories of past lives...) -can't put weight on this b/c not persuasive (Badham) |
