Relgions Exam Judaism And Chinese

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An important image found in the Tao Te Ching, a metaphor for Tao, is ?

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water

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Yin

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In Chinese thought, the aspect of reality that expresses itself in silence, receptivity, darkness, cold, wetness, fertility, earth, femininity.

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Yang

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In Chinese thought, the aspect of reality that expresses itself in light, activity, dry, warm, sky, masculinity.

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Tao is the origin of ?

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the rhythyms of nature

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Confucianism has been especially concerned about?

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relationships between human beings

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Confucius lived during?

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551 BCE - 479 BCE

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The Analects are?

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The collections of the sayings and actions of Confucious (master king)

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Confucius's ideals society would live according to the ideals of the ?

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Five Relationships

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Confucius hoped to do what?

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restore the social harmony of the past

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The Yi Jing is ?

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a book, valued by Confucius, that is used for divination.

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Describe the social period in which Confucius lived

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Intense social, political, and environmental disorder and chaos.

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The virtue of filial piety means

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devotion to one's family

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The ideal of benevolence or humanheartedness in Chinese is a written character made up of these pictographs

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a person and the number two

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the notion of wu wei is

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spontaneous, unforced action. literally "non-action", the way of the nature and of the sage.

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the personal ideal or hero is of Confucianism is the

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chun-tzu

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All of the following are part of the Chinese religious tradition except

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Theravada Buddhism

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analects

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the book of the sayings of confucius

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dao (tao)

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the mysterious origin of the universe, which is present and visible in everything

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daodejing (tao te ching)

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the classic scripture of daoism

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five classics

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the classical literature of the time preceding Confucius, including poetry, history, and divination

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four books

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the major Confucian books, which include the sayings of Confucius and Mencius

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junzi (chun-tzu)

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"noble person", the refined human ideal of Confucianism

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laozi (lao tzu)

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the legendary founder of Daoism

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Legalists

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the strictest of Chinese philosophical schools, which advocated strong laws and punishments

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li

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appropriate action, ritual, propriety, etiquette

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Mohists

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a Chinese school of philosophy that taught universal love

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qi (ch'i)

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the life force

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ren (jen)

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empathy, consideration for others, humaneness; a Confucian virtue

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shu

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reciprocity; a Confucian virtue

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wen

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cultural refinement; a Confucian virtue

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wu wei

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"no action," "no strain", doing only what comes spontaineously and naturally; effortlessness

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xiao (hsiao)

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family devotion, filial piety; a Confucian virtue

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yang

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the active aspect of reality that expresses itself in speech, light, and heat

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Yijing (I Ching)

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an ancient confucian book of divination, one of the Five Classics, still in use today

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yin

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the receptive aspect of the universes that expresses itself in silence, darkness, coolness, and rest

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Zhuangzu (Chuang Tzu)

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author of the Zhuangzi, a book of whimsical stories that express themse of early Daoist thought

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Falun Gong

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started in late 1990s by Li Hongzhi. physical and spirtual exercises designed to improve health. moral developement of "truth, compassion, forebearance."

Front 38

what are the three doctrines?

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confucianism, daoism, and mahayana buddhism

Front 39

mahayana buddhism come to china when?

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around 100 CE, mixed reception. monasticc celibacy and reincarnation go against chinese belief

Front 40

what was early chinese religion?

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belief in spirits (shen dao: the way of the spirits), polytheism and animism

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who was at the top of the bureaucratic hierarchy of dieties in chinese religion?

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shang di

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tian

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tian means heavan, an impersonal divine principle that regulates both natural and human affairs

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what is anscestor worship?

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regular ritual attention (li) to spirits of departed family members

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what are good spirits called and bad spirits called in early chinese religion?

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shen (good) vs. guei (bad) / hungry ghosts

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what is considered evil in early chinese cosmology?

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an imbalance between yin (dark) and yang (light)

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what is the order of events in early chinese cosmology?

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dao (primordial emptiness) > chi (basic material / energetic force) > yin+yang > "the ten thousand things" (material phenomena)

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divination

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early chinese religious practice. trying to predict the future, casting of oracle blocks, reading the cracks in tortoise shells and ox, scapulae, use of the Yijing (the book of changes); classic text on divination

Front 48

when was the warring states period? what was it? what came as a result?

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between 7th and 2nd century BCE. a period of intense social, political, and environmental disorder and chaos. the writings of confucius and laozi (daoism) were influential responses to the disordder of the period.

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Confucius is also known as ?

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Kung-Fu Tzu (born 551 BCE)

Front 50

what was confucianism?

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a humanistic to social and personal development; with an emphasis on education. 2 goals: to harmonize society through choreographing social relations, and to train moral exemplars to demonstrate virtuous behavior.

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what was the early zhou dynasty?

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a model of harmonious society, when Confucianism was introduced.

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What are the five great relationships?

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father/son, older brother/younger brother, husband/wife, elder friend/younger friend, ruler/subject

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the rectification of names

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a person should act in accord with their role.

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what 2 forms of daoism exist?

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philosophical and religious daoism

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daoism was a _____ response to the warring states period, where confucianism was a _____response

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yin, yang

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the book of the way and its power

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dao de ching; a political, mystical, and religious text.

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dao

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the way, the impersonal ultimate reality which "gives birth" to all things, a process, no a thing.

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what metaphors are there for dao (tao)?

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water, valley, child, darkness, woman

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the sage

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in daoism: one who is "in tune" with dao. desireless, simple, does not teach or travel. pays close attention to nature and natural processes as expression of dao, a vision of things beyond opposites. the exemplar of the daoist approach, but the opposite of the junzi.

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"uncarved block of wood" refers to what?

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wu wei, simplicity and natural wholeness

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de

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the dao as it manifest in individual things; the "virtue" or "power" of things that makes them what they are, uniquely

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what is religious daoism?

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a blend of daoist ideas and chinese folk religion

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what happened in 2nd century CE concerning religious daoism?

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Zhang Daoling visited by Laozi, reforms religious practice at the first "celestial master"

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what do priests do in religious daoism?

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perform blessings, funerals, exorcisms, fertility, rituals

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Other religious aspects of religious daoism?

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hereditary clergy, sometimes monastic; honors "immortals" such as Laozi and others who have acheived longetivity/immortality, use of both external (herbal/mineral compounds) and internal (breathing exercises, sexual "yoga") methods of self-transformation

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Ashkenazim

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Jews who lived in or came from central Europe.

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Bar (bat) mitzvah

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"son (daughter) of the commandment" (Aramaic); the coming of age cereomny that marks the time when a young person is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community.

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Biblical Judaism

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Judaism before the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE)

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Canaan

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an ancient name for the land of Israel

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Conservative Judaism

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a branch of Judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new Judaism

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Covenant

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a contract; the contract between the Hebrews and their God, Yahweh

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Diaspora

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The dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, particularly to Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean region

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Essenes

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A reclusive semimonastic Jewish group that flourished from 150 BCE to 68 BCE

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Hanukkah

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An early-winter festival recalling the rededication of the Second Temple, celebrated with the lighting of candles for eight days

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Holocaust

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the destruction of European Judaism by the Nazis also known as Shoah "extermination"

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Kabbalah

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"Recieved," "handed down," the whole body of Jewish mystical literature

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Ketuvim

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"Writings" the third section of the Hebrew scriptures, consisting primarily of poetry, proverbs, and literary works

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Kosher

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"ritually correct"; refers particularly to food preparation and food consumption

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Menorah

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a candelabrum usually containing seven - and occasionally nine - branches, used for religious celebrations

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Messiah

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a savior figureto be sent by God, awaited by the Jews

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Midrash

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"Search"; rabbinical commentary on the scriptures and oral law.

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Nevi'im

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"Prophets"; the second section of the Hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books.

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Orthodox Judaism

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The most traditional branch of Judaism.

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Passover (Pesach)

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A joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression

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Pharisees

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A faction during the Second Temple period that emphasized the observance of biblical rules.

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Prophet

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a person inspired by God to speak for him.

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Purim

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A joyous festival in early spring that recalls the Jews' being saved from destruction as told in the Book of Esther.

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Rabbi

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A religious teacher; a Jewish minister.

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Rabbinical Judaism

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Judaism that developed after the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE)

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Reconstruction

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A modern liberal branch of Judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of Judaism.

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Reform

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A movement beginning in the nineteenth century that questioned and modernized Judaism; a liberal branch of Judaism.

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Rosh Hashanah

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"Beginning of the year", the celebration of the Jewish New Year, occurring in the seventh lunar month.

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Sabbath

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"Rest"; the seventh day of the week (Saturday), a day of prayer and rest from work.

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Sadducees

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A priestly faction, influential during the Second Temple period.

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Seder

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"Order," a special ritual meal at Passover, recalling the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt.

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Sephardim

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Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean region.

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Sukkot

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"Booths"; a festival in the late autumn that recalls the Jew's period of wandering in the desert after their exodus from Egypt.

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Talit

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A prayer shawl worn by devout males.

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Talmud

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An enyclopedic commentary on the Hebrew scriptures.

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Tanakh

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The complete Hebrew scriptures, made up of the Torah, Prophets (Nevi'im), and Writings (Ketuvim).

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Tefillin

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Phylacteries; two small boxes containing biblical passages that are worn by Orthodox males on their head and left arm at morning prayer during the week.

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Theophany

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A revelation or appearance of God.

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Torah

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"Teaching," "instruction"; the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures; also, the additional instructions of God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from Moses through a succession of teachers and rabbis.

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Western Wall

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The foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of Jerusalem, today a place of prayer

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Yarmulke

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The skullcap worn by devout males.

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Yom Kippur

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Day of Atonement, the most sacred day of the Jewish Year.

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Zealots

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An anti-Roman, nationalistic Jewish faction, active during the Roman period of control over Israel.

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Zionism

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A movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation of Israel.

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Feast of Weeks

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Jewish tradition that commerates giving of law to Moises

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Yom Hashoah

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remebering the Holocaust