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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Factors Affecting Attraction: Filter Theory |
•Kerckhoff and David 1. Sociodemographic Characteristics 2. Similarity of attitudes 3. Complementarity of needs ✔️RESEARCH SUPPORT - Winch and Gruber-Baldini et al ✖️REPLICATION OF FINDINGS - Levenger claimed that they can’t be replicated due to difficulty in defining the length and depth ✖️SIMILARITY A CAUSE OR EFFECT OF ATTRACTION? Anderson et al - emotional responses. Davis and Rusbult - attitudes of long term couples align |
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Factors Affecting Attraction: Self Disclosure |
• gradually revealing information can lead to greater intimacy •social penetration theory by Altman and Taylor - by self-disclosing and having reciprocal exchange people gain a greater understanding and display more trust. •breadth and depth •Reis and shaver - reciprocal exchange - don’t feel judged ✔️RESEARCH SUPPORT - Sprecher and Hendrick - correlation between self-disclosure and satisfaction. Laurenceau et al - greater feelings of intimacy. ✖️NOMOTHETIC APPROACH - ignores other factors ✖️CULTURALLY BIASED - Tang et al - USA display more sexual feelings where as China doesn’t but satisfaction is still high. |
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Factors Affecting Attraction: Physical attractiveness |
•evolutionary theory - McNulty et al - attractiveness brought partners together and it is still important after marriage •😇halo effect - Dion et al - we have stereotypes of attractive people •matching hypothesis ✔️RESEARCH SUPPORT - Palmer and Peterson - politically knowledged if they are attractive ✖️INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES - Towhey - attractiveness is more important in people with sexist attitudes ✖️CAN’T BE TRUE FOR ALL RELATIONSHIPS - we look for other characteristics too like sociability. Older men with younger attractive women. ✖️BETA BIAS - Meltzer et al - men are more satisfied with their long term relationships if their partner is attractive but women put less of an emphasis on attractiveness.
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Theories of Romantic Relationships: Social Exchange Theory |
•Thibault and kelly - profit and loss (rewards and costs) they are subjective and change over time •Levels of comparison 1. Comparison level - what we think we deserve 2.comparison level for alternatives - are other situations more rewarding ? If we are satisfied we shouldn’t notice them. •Stages 1.sampling 2.bargaining 3.commitment 4.institutionalisation ✔️RESEARCH SUPPORT - Sprecher - comparison level for alternatives was a strong predictor of commitment and rewards were important as a predictor of satisfaction ✖️DIFFERENT TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS - Clark and Miller - exchange relationships where we take tallies, communal relationships we don’t. Also fairness is a factor which may influence satisfaction ✖️CAUSE AND EFFECT - Argyle - we may look at alternatives and question whether we are receiving more rewards than costs only when we are dissatisfied. ✖️REDUCTIONIST - doesn’t explain factors in all relationships e.g - abusive relationships. 👊🏼 |
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Theories Of Romantic Relationships: Equity Theory |
•one partners rewards-costs should equal the others. •guilty if we are over-benefitting and angry if we are under-benefitting. •perception of equity can change over time. •a partners way of dealing with inequity may change over time, they may now see it as normal or they may put in more work until the balance is restored. ✔️RESEARCH SUPPORT - Stafford and Canary - 200 married couples asked about equity and satisfaction and about the ways in which they maintained their relationship. They found that partners who saw their relationship as fair were more satisfied. ✖️INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES/CULTURAL BIAS - Hussman - benevolents and entitleds. Aumer-Ryan et al found that people in individualist cultures were satisfied in equitable relationships but in collectivist cultures they were more satisfied if they were over-benefitting. ✖️NOMOTHETIC - Mills and Clarke argued that it isn’t possible to measure equity as most things associated with it like emotional responses are unquantifiable. |
