Regulation Of Gene Expression

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gene expression

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the appearance in a phenotype of a characteristic or effect attributed to a particular gene

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feedback inhibition

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a cellular mechanism in which an enzyme that catalyzes the production of a particular substance in the cell is inhibited when that substance has accumulated to a certain level, thereby balancing the amount provided with the amount needed.

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operon

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the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promoter, and the genes that they control

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operator

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regulatory switch that is a segment of DNA, usually positioned withing the promoter

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corepressor

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a molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off

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regulatory gene

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involved in the controlling the expression of one or more other gene. it may encode a protein, or it may work at the level of RNA

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transcription unit

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the stretch of DNA transcribed into an RNA molecule and encodes at least one gene

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negative control

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genes in the operon are expression unless they are switched off by a repressor protein

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positive control

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genes are expressed only when an active regulator protein, an activator is present. the operon will be turned off when the positive regulatory protein is absent or inactivated

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lac operon

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an inducible operon and contains genes that code for enzymes used in the hydrolysis and metabolism of lactose

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repressible

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to prevent (the transcription of a gene or the synthesis of a protein) by the combination of a protein with an operator gene

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inducible

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to initiate or increase the production of (an enzyme or other protein) at the level of genetic transcription

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activator

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a protein that binds to DNA and stimulates transcription of a gene

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inducer

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a specific small molecule that inactivates the repressor

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enhancers

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distal control elements, groupings may be far away from a gene or even located in an intron

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epigenectics

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inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence

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cDNA probe

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relatively short piece of single-stranded DNA that is designed to find and stick to hybridize a complementary sequence in one or more of the RFLP's

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non-coding RNAs

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(ncRNA) functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein