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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the positive regulators of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1)? |
Glucagon: Indirect and allosteric (through F26BP) |
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What are the negative regulators of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1)? |
AMP: Direct and allosteric Insulin: Indirect and allosteric (through F26BP) F26BP: Direct and allosteric |
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What are the negative regulators of carnitine acyl-transferase 1? |
Malonyl-CoA: Direct and allosteric Malonyl-CoA is the product of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase |
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What are the positive regulators of Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1? |
N-acetylglutamate: Direct and allosteric Arginine: Indirect and allosteric (through N-acetylglutamate) |
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What are the positive regulators of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase? |
Insulin: Indirect and covalent and transcriptional (indirect through PP2A, transcriptional via ChREBP) Citrate: Direct and allosteric |
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What are the negative regulators of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase? |
Glucagon, epinephrine: Indirect and covalent (through PKA) AMP: Indirect and covalent (through AMPK) Palmitoyl-CoA: Direct and allosteric |
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What are the positive regulators of glucokinase (hexokinase IV)? |
Insulin: Indirect and transcriptional Glucose: Indirect and through transport out of the nucleus into the cytosol (by a regulatory protein) |
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What are the negative regulators of glucokinase (hexokinase IV)? |
Fructose 6-phosphate: Indirect and transport into the nucleus (by a regulatory protein) |
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What are the positive regulators of hexokinase I-III (not hexokinase IV)? |
Insulin: Indirect and transcriptional Glucose: Direct and allosteric |
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What are the negative regulators of hexokinase I - III (not hexokinase IV)? |
Glucose 6-phosphate: Direct and allosteric |
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What are the positive regulators of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? |
AMP: Indirect and covalent (through pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase) CoA: Direct and allosteric NAD+: Direct and allosteric |
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What are the negative regulators of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? |
ATP: Indirect and covalent (through pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase) Acetyl-CoA: Direct and allosteric NADH: Direct and allosteric Fatty acids: Direct and allosteric |
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What are the positive regulators of Pyruvate carboxylase? |
Acetyl-CoA: Direct and allosteric |
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Activators of Glycogen synthase. Is it direct/indirect, covalent/allosteric? |
Glucose-6-phosphate. Indirect covalent through PP1 AND allosteric directly PP1: Direct and covalent Insulin: Indirect and covalent by two ways (via PP1 and GSK3) Glucose: Indirect and covalent (through PP1) |
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Inhibitors of Glycogen synthase. Is it direct/indirect, covalent/allosteric? |
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3): Direct and covalent AMPK: Direct and covalent Casein kinase II: Direct and covalent Glucagon, epinephrine: Indirect and covalent |
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Activators of PFK-1 (phosphofructokinase 1). Are they indirect/direct, covalent/allosteric? |
F26BP: Direct and allosteric AMP: Direct and allosteric Insulin: Indirect and allosteric (through F26BP) |
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Inhibitors of PFK-1. Are they indirect/direct, covalent/allosteric? |
Citrate: Direct and allosteric ATP: Direct and allosteric Glucagon: Indirect and allosteric (through F26BP) |
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Activators of P1,6-BPase-1? |
Glucagon: Indirect and allosteric, through F26BP |
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Inhibitors of P1,6-BPase-1? |
F26BP: Direct and allosteric Insulin: Indirect and allosteric (through F26BP) AMP: Direct and allosteric |
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Activators of Glycogen phosphorylase? |
Glucagon: Indirect and covalent (only in liver. Through PKA and phosphorylase kinase) Epinephrine: Indirect and covalent (only in muscle. Through PKA and phosphorylase kinase) Phosphorylase B kinase: Direct and covalent [AMP] ↑: Direct and allosteric (only in muscle) |
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Inhibitors of Glycogen phosphorylase? |
Glucose: Direct and allosteric PP1: Direct AND indirect and covalent (indirectly through phosphorylase kinase) Insulin: Indirect and covalent acts via PP1 They often ask about which regulator that regulates glycogen phosphorylase both directly and indirectly. |
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Pyruvate kinase: Activators? |
F16BP: Direct and allosteric Insulin: Indirect and covalent and transcriptional (indirect via PP1 only in liver, transcriptional via ChREBP) ADP: Direct and allosteric |
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Inhibitors of Pyruvate kinase? |
ATP: Direct and allosteric Alanine: Direct and allosteric Acetyl-CoA: Direct and allosteric Long chain fatty acids: Direct and allosteric In the liver: Glucagon: Indirect and covalent (via PKA) |
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HMG-CoA synthase regulation? (Both activators and inhibitors) |
Activator: Acetyl-CoA: Direct and allosteric Inhibitor: Succinyl-CoA: Direct and covalent |
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HMG-CoA reductase activators? |
Insulin: Indirect and covalent (via PP2A) Low intracellular cholesterol: Indirect and transcriptional (via SREBP and SCAP) |
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors? |
Glucagon: Indirect and covalent (via PKA) AMP: Indirect and covalent (via AMPK) High intracellular cholesterol: Indirect and proteolysis (through Insig) |
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What are the activators of PP2A? |
Insulin: Indirect and covalent (through ISK) Glucose: Direct and allosteric Xylulose 5-phosphate: Direct and allosteric |
