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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the 5 parts of the spine
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cervicals,
thoracics, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
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The spine is made up of how many bones?
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26
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There are_pairs of spinal nerves and_pairs of cranial nerves.
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31, 12 |
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There are_bones in the feet and_bones in the hands. |
26, 27 |
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The body is divided into an _ portion and an appendicular portion.
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Axial
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The 3 types of muscles
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skeletal or voluntary, smooth or involuntary, cardiac
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The thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by a broad muscle called the
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Diaphragm
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_tissue specializes in moving the body and its parts.
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Muscle
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_tissue receives and transmits messages to various parts of the body so they can communicate with one another.
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Nervous
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_are connective tissue that hold bone to bone.
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Ligaments
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_attach the muscles to bones.
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Tendons |
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There are_(number) phalanges in both the hands and feet.
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14
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There are_(number) metacarpal bones in each hand.
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5
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Between each of the vertebrae are_which protect the vertebrae from grinding one on another.
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Discs
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The four chambers of the heart are
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right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
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The pumping cycle of the heart is called_and the resting stage is called_
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Systole, Diastole
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Blood is carried to the lungs through the_artery.
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Pulmonary
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In the lungs the blood makes a trade of_for_
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carbon dioxide, oxygen
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The_pulse is found in the wrist.
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arterial
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The primary task of the heart is pumping nutrients and_to all the tissues and carrying away waste products and
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oxygen, carbon dioxide
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The test called_records the waves correlated with atrial and ventricular contractions.
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electrocardiograph
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_causes plaque in the arteries.
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fat or cholesterol
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_causes new blood pathways to develop.
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exercise
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Stress and worry aggravate the heart and_the rate at which it works.
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increase
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The lymph-vascular system consists of_, _and_
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lymph vessels,
lymph nodes, lymph tissues |
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The lymphatic organs are_and_
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spleen, thymus
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The lymphatic system is an auxiliary to our_system.
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Venous
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What does the lymphatic system use for its pumping mechanism? _and_
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Muscles, Exercise
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The_gland controls the T-cells.
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Thymus
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The_acts as a filter for the blood and also makes antibodies.
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spleen, thymus
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The lymph vessels have what to prevent the back-flow of lymph?
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Cup-shaped Valves
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_are also aggregates of lymph nodules located in the walls of the pharynx and root of the tongue.
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Tonsils
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_are also lymph glands and are located at the back of the nose.
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Adenoids
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Cancer of the lymphatics is called_
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Leukemia
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Cancer cells are often transported from a primary tumor to other regions of the body via_
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Lymphatics
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Name 3 functions of the skin
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protection,
temperature control, production of vitamin D |
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What part of the skin is composed of collagen and elastic fibers?
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dermis
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Name the 2 main layers of the skin
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dermis, epidermis
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Nails are derived from the same cells as the_
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epidermis
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The sebaceous glands secrete a substance called_
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sebum
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The_nerve supplies the eye.
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2nd cranial
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What part of the eye bends the light rays?
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Cornea
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What part of the eye controls amount of light entering the eye?
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pupil
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Name the 3 parts of the ear
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external, middle, inner
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Name 2 functions of the ear
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hearing, balance
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Name 3 things the nose does to the air
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warms, cleans, moisturizes
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The fine hairs in the nose are called_
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cilia
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The nose is the sense organ of_
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smell
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What 3 things is the tongue essential for
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taste, speech, swallowing
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The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Is called_
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respiration
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The 2 types of breathing are_and_
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costal, diaphragmatic
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The muscles used for respiration are_and_
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Diaphragm, intercostal
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The_are air spaces adjacent to the nasal cavity and they contain_glands.
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paranasal sinuses, mucus
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The_is an organ of the Respiratory and Digestive systems.
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pharynx
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The epiglottis is found in the_
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larynx
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The trachea is also called the_
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wind pipe
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The "voice box" is found in the_
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larynx
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The lungs are found in the_of the body.
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thoracic cavity
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The 3 lobes of the right lung are
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superior, middle, inferior
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The blood passes through tiny_in the iungs where it picks up_from the_
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capillaries, oxygen, alveoli
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The tiny hairs found in the lungs are called_
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cilia
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The_is a serous membrane that covers the lungs.
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pleura |
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The trachea divides into 2_as it enters the lungs.
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bronchi
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Digestion breaks down food for the body to use for__and_
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energy, growth, repair
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The gall bladder stores_until it is needed.
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bile
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Digestion begins in the_where food is mixed with_
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mouth, saliva
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_starts the break down of starchy food.
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pytalin
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Kupffer cells are phagocytic and are found in the_
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liver
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The hormone_stimulates the stomach to release_and_
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gastrin, pepsin, hydrochloric acid
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The 3 sections of the small intestine are_,_and_
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duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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The_controls the flow of material into the colon.
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ileocecal valve
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Cholesterol is manufactured in what organ?_
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liver
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The major roll of digestion is done in the_
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small intestine
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The 3 flexures in the large colon are_,_and_
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hepatic, splenic, sigmoid
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Emulsification of fats is a major function of the_
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gall bladder
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The_is both and endocrine and exocrine gland.
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pancreas
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The islets of Langerhans secrete hormones_and_
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insulin, glucagon
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The kidneys are_in color and are_shaped.
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reddish-brown, bean
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The filters in the kidneys are called_
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nephrons
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Waste products are eliminated from the body through_,_,_and_
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skin, lungs, large colon, urinary system
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Urine is stored in the
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bladder
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There_are the "Master Chemists".
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kidneys
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the_,stored in the_, and used in the_
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hypothalamus, pituitary, kidneys
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Gout is a form of_
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arthritis
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The tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder is_
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ureter
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What organ is important for the control of blood pressure?_
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kidneys
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Relaxation of the_muscle releases urine from the bladder.
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sphincter
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The kidneys control the balance of_and
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soduim, potassuim
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The end products from protein digestion are_and_
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urea, uric acid
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The prostate gland surrounds the_in the male.
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urethra
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In the female the bladder lies_the uterus and vagina.
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anterior to (in front of)
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The endocrine glands produce a substance called_which mean_in Greek.
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hormones, "I stimulate"
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The hormone responsible for elevating the level of calcium in the blood is_
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parathyroid
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A type of gland that lacks ducts is an_
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endocrine gland
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The_is considered the "Master Gland".
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pituitary
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When the glucose level in the blood begins to fall, the_releases a hormone called_
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pancreas, glucagon
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The pituitary gland is regulated by the_
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hypothalamus
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The hormone _from the_gland affects the sex glands.
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gonadotrophin, pituitary
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The_ gland functions as a light receptor.
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pineal
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The_gland stimulates the rate of metabolism.
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thyroid
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The_glands maintain homeostasis of sodium and potassium.
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adrenal
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The 2 types of diabetes are_, and_
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type 1 or childhood, type 2 or adult
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The endocrine portion of the pancreas is
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Islets of Langerhans
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The mammary glands are located within the_
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breasts
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In the male the tissue that surrounds the urethra is the_
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prostate
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Failure of the testes to descend through the inguinal canal is called
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chryptorchidism
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The hormone_is responsible for the male characteristics.
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testosterone
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The hormones secreted by the ovaries are_and_
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estrogen, progesterone
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The site of fertilization in the female is_
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uterine tubes
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The lower, narrow portion of the uterus is called the_
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cervix
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What is the monthly period in the female called?_
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menstruation
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The female gonads are_and the male gonads are_
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ovaries, testes
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The Reproductive system's function in the production of germ cells is called_and_
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spermatozoa, ova
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The sac in which the testes lie is called the
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scrotum
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The accessory glands in the male that secrete an alkaline fluid for lubrication are called_
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bulbourethral or Cowper's glands
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The smooth operation of all body parts are under the joint control of _and_
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endocrine glands, central nervous system
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The heart, blood, and blood vessels constitute the_ system.
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cardiovascular
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The air passageways and the lungs are included in the_ system.
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respiratory
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Metabolic waste disposal is mainly the job of the_system.
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urinary
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The spleen and thymus are included in_system.
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Lymphatics
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What organ detoxifies the body?_
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liver
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The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment is called_
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homeostasis
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An abnormal growth of tissue is called a neoplasm or tumor. True or False.
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TRUE
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The vertebral column is posterior to the liver. True or False
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TRUE
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The head, neck, and trunk make up the appendicular portion of the body._True or False
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FALSE
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The thorax, abdomen, and pelvis constitute the torso. True or False
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TRUE
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The term tarsal refers to ankle bones. True or False
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TRUE
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The uterus and large intestine are located in the pelvic cavity. True or False
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TRUE
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For sciatic problems it is necessary to work the sacral/coccyx reflex. True or False
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FALSE
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Who said "Look to the spine for the cause of disease"?
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Hippocrates
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_ are additional reflex areas worked to aid the specific region of congestion.
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referral areas
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_are additional reflex areas worked to aid the specific region of congestion
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helper areas
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What are the 3 things that Reflexology does?
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relieve stress and tension, improve nerve and blood supply, help nature achieve homeostasis
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Reflexologist do not:
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diagnose, prescribe, treat for a specific condition
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Give 3 helper areas for Diabetes
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liver, adrenals, pituitary
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Name 3 helper areas for hypotension
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adrenals, pituitary, thyroid
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Give 3 helper areas for edema
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lymphatics, kidneys, adrenals
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What is the referral area for the shoulder?
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hip
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What is the referral area for the elbow?
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knee
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