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139 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Name the 5 parts of the spine
cervicals,
thoracics,
lumbar,
sacral,
coccyx
The spine is made up of how many bones?
26
There are_pairs of spinal nerves and_pairs of cranial nerves.

31, 12

There are_bones in the feet and_bones in the hands.

26, 27

The body is divided into an _ portion and an appendicular portion.
Axial
The 3 types of muscles
skeletal or voluntary, smooth or involuntary, cardiac
The thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by a broad muscle called the
Diaphragm
_tissue specializes in moving the body and its parts.
Muscle
_tissue receives and transmits messages to various parts of the body so they can communicate with one another.
Nervous
_are connective tissue that hold bone to bone.
Ligaments
_attach the muscles to bones.

Tendons

There are_(number) phalanges in both the hands and feet.
14
There are_(number) metacarpal bones in each hand.
5
Between each of the vertebrae are_which protect the vertebrae from grinding one on another.
Discs
The four chambers of the heart are
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
The pumping cycle of the heart is called_and the resting stage is called_
Systole, Diastole
Blood is carried to the lungs through the_artery.
Pulmonary
In the lungs the blood makes a trade of_for_
carbon dioxide, oxygen
The_pulse is found in the wrist.
arterial
The primary task of the heart is pumping nutrients and_to all the tissues and carrying away waste products and
oxygen, carbon dioxide
The test called_records the waves correlated with atrial and ventricular contractions.
electrocardiograph
_causes plaque in the arteries.
fat or cholesterol
_causes new blood pathways to develop.
exercise
Stress and worry aggravate the heart and_the rate at which it works.
increase
The lymph-vascular system consists of_, _and_
lymph vessels,
lymph nodes,
lymph tissues
The lymphatic organs are_and_
spleen, thymus
The lymphatic system is an auxiliary to our_system.
Venous
What does the lymphatic system use for its pumping mechanism? _and_
Muscles, Exercise
The_gland controls the T-cells.
Thymus
The_acts as a filter for the blood and also makes antibodies.
spleen, thymus
The lymph vessels have what to prevent the back-flow of lymph?
Cup-shaped Valves
_are also aggregates of lymph nodules located in the walls of the pharynx and root of the tongue.
Tonsils
_are also lymph glands and are located at the back of the nose.
Adenoids
Cancer of the lymphatics is called_
Leukemia
Cancer cells are often transported from a primary tumor to other regions of the body via_
Lymphatics
Name 3 functions of the skin
protection,
temperature control,
production of vitamin D
What part of the skin is composed of collagen and elastic fibers?
dermis
Name the 2 main layers of the skin
dermis, epidermis
Nails are derived from the same cells as the_
epidermis
The sebaceous glands secrete a substance called_
sebum
The_nerve supplies the eye.
2nd cranial
What part of the eye bends the light rays?
Cornea
What part of the eye controls amount of light entering the eye?
pupil
Name the 3 parts of the ear
external, middle, inner
Name 2 functions of the ear
hearing, balance
Name 3 things the nose does to the air
warms, cleans, moisturizes
The fine hairs in the nose are called_
cilia
The nose is the sense organ of_
smell
What 3 things is the tongue essential for
taste, speech, swallowing
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Is called_
respiration
The 2 types of breathing are_and_
costal, diaphragmatic
The muscles used for respiration are_and_
Diaphragm, intercostal
The_are air spaces adjacent to the nasal cavity and they contain_glands.
paranasal sinuses, mucus
The_is an organ of the Respiratory and Digestive systems.
pharynx
The epiglottis is found in the_
larynx
The trachea is also called the_
wind pipe
The "voice box" is found in the_
larynx
The lungs are found in the_of the body.
thoracic cavity
The 3 lobes of the right lung are
superior, middle, inferior
The blood passes through tiny_in the iungs where it picks up_from the_
capillaries, oxygen, alveoli
The tiny hairs found in the lungs are called_
cilia
The_is a serous membrane that covers the lungs.

pleura

The trachea divides into 2_as it enters the lungs.
bronchi
Digestion breaks down food for the body to use for__and_
energy, growth, repair
The gall bladder stores_until it is needed.
bile
Digestion begins in the_where food is mixed with_
mouth, saliva
_starts the break down of starchy food.
pytalin
Kupffer cells are phagocytic and are found in the_
liver
The hormone_stimulates the stomach to release_and_
gastrin, pepsin, hydrochloric acid
The 3 sections of the small intestine are_,_and_
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The_controls the flow of material into the colon.
ileocecal valve
Cholesterol is manufactured in what organ?_
liver
The major roll of digestion is done in the_
small intestine
The 3 flexures in the large colon are_,_and_
hepatic, splenic, sigmoid
Emulsification of fats is a major function of the_
gall bladder
The_is both and endocrine and exocrine gland.
pancreas
The islets of Langerhans secrete hormones_and_
insulin, glucagon
The kidneys are_in color and are_shaped.
reddish-brown, bean
The filters in the kidneys are called_
nephrons
Waste products are eliminated from the body through_,_,_and_
skin, lungs, large colon, urinary system
Urine is stored in the
bladder
There_are the "Master Chemists".
kidneys
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the_,stored in the_, and used in the_
hypothalamus, pituitary, kidneys
Gout is a form of_
arthritis
The tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder is_
ureter
What organ is important for the control of blood pressure?_
kidneys
Relaxation of the_muscle releases urine from the bladder.
sphincter
The kidneys control the balance of_and
soduim, potassuim
The end products from protein digestion are_and_
urea, uric acid
The prostate gland surrounds the_in the male.
urethra
In the female the bladder lies_the uterus and vagina.
anterior to (in front of)
The endocrine glands produce a substance called_which mean_in Greek.
hormones, "I stimulate"
The hormone responsible for elevating the level of calcium in the blood is_
parathyroid
A type of gland that lacks ducts is an_
endocrine gland
The_is considered the "Master Gland".
pituitary
When the glucose level in the blood begins to fall, the_releases a hormone called_
pancreas, glucagon
The pituitary gland is regulated by the_
hypothalamus
The hormone _from the_gland affects the sex glands.
gonadotrophin, pituitary
The_ gland functions as a light receptor.
pineal
The_gland stimulates the rate of metabolism.
thyroid
The_glands maintain homeostasis of sodium and potassium.
adrenal
The 2 types of diabetes are_, and_
type 1 or childhood, type 2 or adult
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is
Islets of Langerhans
The mammary glands are located within the_
breasts
In the male the tissue that surrounds the urethra is the_
prostate
Failure of the testes to descend through the inguinal canal is called
chryptorchidism
The hormone_is responsible for the male characteristics.
testosterone
The hormones secreted by the ovaries are_and_
estrogen, progesterone
The site of fertilization in the female is_
uterine tubes
The lower, narrow portion of the uterus is called the_
cervix
What is the monthly period in the female called?_
menstruation
The female gonads are_and the male gonads are_
ovaries, testes
The Reproductive system's function in the production of germ cells is called_and_
spermatozoa, ova
The sac in which the testes lie is called the
scrotum
The accessory glands in the male that secrete an alkaline fluid for lubrication are called_
bulbourethral or Cowper's glands
The smooth operation of all body parts are under the joint control of _and_
endocrine glands, central nervous system
The heart, blood, and blood vessels constitute the_ system.
cardiovascular
The air passageways and the lungs are included in the_ system.
respiratory
Metabolic waste disposal is mainly the job of the_system.
urinary
The spleen and thymus are included in_system.
Lymphatics
What organ detoxifies the body?_
liver
The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment is called_
homeostasis
An abnormal growth of tissue is called a neoplasm or tumor. True or False.
TRUE
The vertebral column is posterior to the liver. True or False
TRUE
The head, neck, and trunk make up the appendicular portion of the body._True or False
FALSE
The thorax, abdomen, and pelvis constitute the torso. True or False
TRUE
The term tarsal refers to ankle bones. True or False
TRUE
The uterus and large intestine are located in the pelvic cavity. True or False
TRUE
For sciatic problems it is necessary to work the sacral/coccyx reflex. True or False
FALSE
Who said "Look to the spine for the cause of disease"?
Hippocrates
_ are additional reflex areas worked to aid the specific region of congestion.
referral areas
_are additional reflex areas worked to aid the specific region of congestion
helper areas
What are the 3 things that Reflexology does?
relieve stress and tension, improve nerve and blood supply, help nature achieve homeostasis
Reflexologist do not:
diagnose, prescribe, treat for a specific condition
Give 3 helper areas for Diabetes
liver, adrenals, pituitary
Name 3 helper areas for hypotension
adrenals, pituitary, thyroid
Give 3 helper areas for edema
lymphatics, kidneys, adrenals
What is the referral area for the shoulder?
hip
What is the referral area for the elbow?
knee