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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft that takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and the time all persons have disembarked, and in which any person (occupant or nonoccupant) suffers a fatal or serious injury or the aircraft receives substantial damage.
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Accident
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Any injury that results in death within 30 days of the accident.
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Fatal injury
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Any injury that requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, results in a bone fracture, or involves internal organs or burns.
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Serious injury
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Damage or failure that adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft and that would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component.
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Substantial damage
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An occurrence other than an accident associated with the operation of an aircraft that affects or could affect the safety of operations.
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Incident
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An accident in which a Part 121 aircraft was destroyed, or there were multiple fatalities, or there was 1 fatality and a Part 121 aircraft was substantially damaged.
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Major accident
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An accident in which there was 1 fatality without substantial damage to a Part 121 aircraft, or there was at least 1 serious injury and a Part 121 aircraft was substantially damaged.
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Serious accident
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A nonfatal accident with at least 1 serious injury without substantial damage to a Part 121 aircraft.
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Injury
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An accident in which no person was killed or seriously injured, but in which any aircraft as substantially damaged.
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Damage
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The focus of the investigation should be directed toward effective ______ _____.
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Preventive Action
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What should be made as soon as possible regarding serious hazards that have been positively identified, rather than waiting until the investigation is completed?
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Safety recommendations
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Safety recommendations included in the final report on the investigation should fulfill three functions:
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Recommendations are reasonable and realistic
Enables other countries to see what action was recommended Provide pressure for a prompt and reasonable response |
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Incidents are events that can be defined loosely as what?
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Near-accidents
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Casual factors leading to accidents also lead to ______, and all _______ begin as ______-_______.
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incidents
accidents near-incidents |
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For an aviation incident to be widely known, it must be reported by whom?
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At least one of the people involved
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Flight control system malfunction or failure
Inability of required flight crewmember to perform normal flight duties as the result of injury or illness Failure of any internal turbine engine component that results in the escape of debris other than out the exhaust path In-flight fire Aircraft collision in flight Damage to property, other than the aircraft, estimated to exceed $25,000 for repair Release of a propeller blade, excluding release from ground contact A complete loss of information from more than 50 % of an aircraft's cockpit displays Requires major repair or replacement Requires another aircraft to take immediate corrective action to avoid a collision |
Serious incidents
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NTSB regulations at 49 CFR Section 830.5 require immediate notification of aircraft ______ and following certain _______ ______.
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accidents
serious incidents |
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The most important characteristics of incidents are
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similar to accidents
can reveal the same hazards as accidents more numerous than accidents (~10-100x's+) source of hazard information |
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Effective safety reporting--5 basic traits
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Information
Flexibility Learning Accountability Willingness |
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Which incident reporting system deal mainly with specific and concrete matters, and people are required to report certain types of incidents, which necessitates detailed regulations outlining who shall report and what shall be reported.
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Mandatory Incident Reporting Systems
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This incident reporting system tends to collect more information on technical failures than on the human-factor aspects.
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Mandatory Incident Reporting Systems
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In this incident reporting system, pilots, controllers, and others involved in aviation are required to report hazards, discrepancies, or deficiencies in which they were involved or which they observed.
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Voluntary Incident Reporting Systems
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This incident reporting system requires a trusted third party (i.e., NASA) to manage the system.
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Voluntary Incident Reporting Systems
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In voluntary systems, what is usually achieved by deidentification, or not recording any identifying information?
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confidentiality
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Because of this, voluntary systems tend to be more successful than mandatory systems in collecting human factor-related info without fear of retribution or embarrassment.
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confidentiality
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This recording and reporting systems collects a wide range of aviation information and automated database systems.
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Federal Aviation Administration Reporting Systems
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The FAA developed this recording and reporting system to enable users to perform integrated searches across multiple databases.
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The Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing System (ASIAS)
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The crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407 near Buffalo, New York prompted the Airline Safety and Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2010, which strongly endorses four existing voluntary safety programs:
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Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP)
Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) Line Operatoins Safety Audit (LOSA) |
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This voluntary safety program involve collecting and analyzing data recorded during flight to improve the safety of flight operations
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Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA)
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The goal of this voluntary safety program is to prevent accidents and incidents by identifying unsafe practices and correcting them.
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Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP)
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The overall goal of this voluntary safety program is to increase aviation safety by using innovative training and qualification concepts, and to be responsive to changes in aircraft technology, operations, and training methodologies.
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Advanced Qualification Program (AQP)
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This voluntary formal process uses highly trained observers to collect safety-related data on regularly scheduled airline flights.
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Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA)
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This system uses safety principles and systematic processes to ensure that air carriers are in compliance with the FAA regulations and have safety built into their operating systems.
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Air Transportation Oversight System (ATOS)
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Since its inception in 1967, the NTSB has kept record of civil aircraft accidents. What contains info on every known civil aviation accident in the U.S.?
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Aviation Incident/Accident Database
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This type of report contains a limited amount of info (date, location, aircraft operator, type of aircraft, etc.)
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Preliminary Report
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A preliminary report is generated by the NTSB within how many days?
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5 working days
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What provides that the "State of occurrence" shall forward notification of an accident or serious incident by the quickest means available?
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ICAO standards
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This provides the basic standards which require member States to report to ICAO pertinent info on aircraft accidents and incidents (occurrences).
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Annex 13 to the Chicago Convention entitled "Aircraft Accident Investigation"
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ICAO has developed a detailed process for notification called the?
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ICAO Accident/Incident Data Reporting System (ADREP)
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This system is a databank of worldwide accident and incident information for large commercial aircraft.
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ICAO ADREP
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OSHA requires every employer covered by the OSHA Act with ___ or more employers to record and report all work-related deaths, injuries, and illnesses.
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11
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Injuries and illnesses that require only ____ ___ are exempt from being recorded.
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first aid
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cuts, fractures, sprains, or amputations
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injuries
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skin disease, respiratory disorder, or poisoning
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Acute and Chronic Illnesses
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What is the nation's primary source of occupational injury and illness data?
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BLS Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
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Any facility or vessel must report to government authorities about any hazardous substance that is released into the environment in quantities that exceed a threshold amount.
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Federal Environmental Laws
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Threshold amounts are referred to as
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Reportable quantities (RQs)
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These reporting requirements list extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) and requires their reporting in case of a release in excess of the RQs.
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EPCRA (SARA Title III)
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This requires EPA and the states to collect data on chemical releases and make data available to the public through Toxics Release Program (TRI)
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EPRCRA
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