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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When can our aggression adaptions be traced back to? |
Environment of evolutionary adaptive ness |
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Why did we adapt these traits? |
Increased reproductive success |
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Why does aggression promote survival? |
Scare off rivals Hunting Fighting for territory |
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What two circumstances is aggression adaptive? |
- sexual jealously - warefare |
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What two circumstances is aggression adaptive? |
- sexual jealously - warefare |
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What is sexual jealousy? |
An emotional state experienced by males who fear their partners infidelity and cuckoldry |
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What two circumstances is aggression adaptive? |
- sexual jealously - warefare |
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What is sexual jealousy? |
An emotional state experienced by males who fear their partners infidelity and cuckoldry |
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Why is cuckoldry bad? |
Paternal uncertainty means they could be raising a child that’s not there’s reducing their reproductive success |
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What two circumstances is aggression adaptive? |
- sexual jealously - warefare |
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What is sexual jealousy? |
An emotional state experienced by males who fear their partners infidelity and cuckoldry |
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Why is cuckoldry bad? |
Paternal uncertainty means they could be raising a child that’s not there’s reducing their reproductive success |
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Males have developed what to deter their partner from infidelity |
Mate retention tactics |
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What is it called when males are extra vigilant of their partner? |
Direct guarding |
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Why do they directly guard their partner? Give examples |
Stop a rival gaining access, watching her social media, spending all their time with her, stopping her see friends |
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What is the thing that progresses from direct guarding ? |
Negative inducements |
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What is a negative inducements? Give examples |
Males using aggressive threats to warn female against infidelity eg. Threatening to kill himself, hitting her, rape |
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What is the advantage linked to sexual jealousy? |
Research into intimate partner violence by Shackleford |
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What did shackleford et al find and how? |
Self report techniques study MRT in 107 married couples. Positive correlation between MRT and physical violence. Women also stated males who had used emotional manipulation (eg. Threatening to kill themselves) were more likely to have used physical aggression |
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Who else found supporting evidence to sexual jealousy? |
Wilson et al |
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How and what did they find? |
Women who’s partners were sexually jealous were twice as likely to have experienced sexual violence |
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What adaptive benefits does war have? |
- social status and respect from other men - violence = bravery = attraction from women = more wives |
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Who found supporting evidence for aggression in warefare? |
Chagnon |
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What did chagnon find? |
Observations of the Yanomamo tribe - constant fighting for access to female mates and status, successful warriors who had killed had more wives n kids than those who didnt |
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Evolutionary explanations can also account for what differences |
gender |
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There are very few women warrior societies because |
- females are at a greater risk by being aggressive |
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What is a negative inducements? Give examples |
Males using aggressive threats to warn female against infidelity eg. Threatening to kill himself, hitting her, rape |
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What is the advantage linked to sexual jealousy? |
Research into intimate partner violence by Shackleford |
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What did shackleford et al find and how? |
Self report techniques study MRT in 107 married couples. Positive correlation between MRT and physical violence. Women also stated males who had used emotional manipulation (eg. Threatening to kill themselves) were more likely to have used physical aggression |
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Who else found supporting evidence to sexual jealousy? |
Wilson et al |
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How and what did they find? |
Women who’s partners were sexually jealous were twice as likely to have experienced sexual violence |
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What adaptive benefits does war have? |
- social status and respect from other men - violence = bravery = attraction from women = more wives |
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Who found supporting evidence for aggression in warefare? |
Chagnon |
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What did chagnon find? |
Observations of the Yanomamo tribe - constant fighting for access to female mates and status, successful warriors who had killed had more wives n kids than those who didnt |
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Evolutionary explanations can also account for what differences |
gender |
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There are very few women warrior societies because |
- females are at a greater risk by being aggressive - risking reproductive damage - female aggression is maladaptive |
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What is a female alternative for aggression? |
Verbal aggression |
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What is a female alternative for aggression? |
Verbal aggression |
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However aggression might not always be adaptive. Why? |
Aggressive males could be rejected socially and not appear attractive as they have an increased chance of dying |
