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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
GRDs are
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the most powerful research tools for evaluators examining program outcomes
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207
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O (notation)
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observation or assessment period
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212
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X (notation)
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when intervention is applied
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212
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outcome measures are the...
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dependent variables
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212
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interventions are the...
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independent variables
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212
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GRDs are conceptualized along 3 features:
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1) whether pretest assessment is made of the outcome measure before intervention
2) whether control groups are used 3) whether groups have random assignment |
212
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X O #1
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one group posttest only design; pre-experimental and simple but not rigorous
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213
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X O #2
O |
posttest only with nonequivalent groups; like X-O but with an added control group that doesn't receive intervention
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217
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O X O #3
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one group pretest-posttest design
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219
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O X O #4
O O |
nonequivalent control group design; quasi-experimental
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223
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placebo influences
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simply being in any type of treatment
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226
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social desirability factors
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answering more positively after treatment in order to please the therapist or researcher, or to convince oneself that the experience wasn't a wast of time
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226
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O O O X O O O #5
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time series or interrupted time series design; quasi-experimental; allows detection of trends
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226
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longitudinal data
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data collected at different times during the course of a study
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227
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O O O X O O O #6
O O O O O O |
multiple time series design; adds control group to time series
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228
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threats to internal validity
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-history
-maturation -testing -instrumentation -selection -mortality -placebo factors |
229
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history (internal validity threat)
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events that occur at the local, state or national level than might influence bahavior
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229
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Maturation (internal validity threat)
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improvement as a result of the passage of time
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229
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testing (internal validity threat)
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effects of repeated testing with the same test
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230
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instrumentation (internal validity threat)
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subtle or unconscious changes in measuring/observation procedures
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230
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selection (internal validity threat)
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problems with how the sample is chosen, a potential problem with control groups whenever random assignment is not used
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231
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mortality (internal validity threat)
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loss of subjects, more likely with longer term evals
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231
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placebo factors (internal validity threat)
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the generally mild and positive effects experienced as a result of exposure to an innocuous intervention
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232
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R (notation)
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randomly assigned subjects
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234
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R O X O #7
R O O |
Classic experimental design
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234
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desired features of a true experiment:
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-random assignment
-valid and reliable outcome measures -pretests and posttests -lengthy follow-up period |
235
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R O X O O
R O O X O |
cross over design, in which there's a delayed treatment. useful for comparing two different treatments, can allow replication of finding from first intervention
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236
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R X O #8
R O |
postest only control group design
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237
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R O X O #9
R O O R X O R O |
Solomon four-group design, rarely used due to complexity
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239
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efficacy study
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tightly controlled studies
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242
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effectiveness study
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efforts at replicating treatments shown to be useful (vis efficacy studies) in circumstances closer to real-life practice
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242
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