Rc 222 Exam #1(2Nd Semester)

Front 1

What is the main function of the turbinates(structure wise)?

Back 1

increase the surface area of the nasal cavity

Front 2

What type of epithelium covers the posterior two thirds of the nasal mucosa?

Back 2

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar with mucous-secreting glands

Front 3

What function of the nose is lost if a plastic endotracheal tube is inserted through the nose or mouth and into the trachea?

Back 3

air-conditioning

Front 4

In a deeply unconscious patient, what is the most common threat to upper airway patency?

Back 4

soft tissue obstruction

Front 5

Intercostal retractions, Increased WOB and ___ are signs consistent with complete airway obstruction. (low-pitched snoring sound is not)

Back 5

suprasternal retractions

Front 6

This structure is an important landmark during the insertion of a tube into the trachea.

Back 6

Vallecula

Front 7

What is the narrowest portion of the airway in the infant?

Back 7

Cricoid ring

Front 8

What is the narrowest portion of the airway in the adult larynx?

Back 8

glottis

Front 9

___ is the term associated with a sound created by high-velocity air flowing through a narrowed glottis.

Back 9

Stridor

Front 10

This mechanism explains why drowning victims often have little water in their lungs.

Back 10

Laryngospasm

Front 11

If an endotracheal tube is inserted too far in the process of intubation, its tip is more likely to enter the ___ bronchus.

Back 11

right

Front 12

____ is the term that describes a volume of gas that is approximately 150 mL in the average adult and does not participate in gas exchange.

Back 12

Anatomical Dead Space

Front 13

___ are collateral air passages that make it possible for the acinus and alveoli to receive ventilation from neighboring airways and alveoli.

Back 13

Pores of Kohn

Front 14

___ is what conducting airway mucosal epithelium is made up of.

Back 14

Columnar, ciliated, pseudostratified cells with goblet cells

Front 15

Which group of cells comprises most of the alveolar surface?

Back 15

Type I

Front 16

Which group of cells contains the lamellar bodies?

Back 16

Type II

Front 17

Which group of cells engulfs microorganisms and foreign materials in the alveolus?

Back 17

Macrophages

Front 18

This area is ineffective for lung clearance (no hairs here).

Back 18

acinus

Front 19

This is the explanation for the left hemidiaphragmatic surface to be slightly lower than the right: the heart rests on the left half of the diaphragm, pushing it downward and the ___ (directly below the right half of the diaphragm)props up this area.

Back 19

liver

Front 20

___ describes the presence of fluid in the pleural space caused by inflammation.

Back 20

Pleural effusion

Front 21

What is the meaning of anatomical shunting?

Back 21

That systemic arterial blood can never have the same partial pressure of oxygen as the alveolar gas.

Front 22

The ____ is the source of innervation for the lung.

Back 22

Autonomic nervous system

Front 23

Phrenic nerves originate form spinal nerves C3 to C5. They enter the chest in front of the ____ and are sandwiched between subclavian arteries and veins. Nerve injury is associated paralysis of the diaphragm.

Back 23

scalenus muscle

Front 24

___ are the main neurotransmitters of the autonomic system.

Back 24

Norepinephrine (also called epinephrine)

Front 25

Circulating epinephrine is NOT the only natural mechanism for sympathetic ___ in humans.(use Norepi)

Back 25

bronchodilation

Front 26

__ is a good example of slowly adapting stretch receptors.

Back 26

Herring-Breuer reflex

Front 27

You are assisting a PGY-1 surgery resident with the insertion of a chest tube. The resident turns to you asking which border of the rib he should avoid placing the tube. Your answer should be: the ____.

Back 27

lower border

Front 28

The ___ is the part of the sternum that marks the level of the carina.

Back 28

Angle of Louis

Front 29

The ___is the primary muscle active in quiet breathing.

Back 29

diaphragm

Front 30

Sternomastoids, ____ and abdominals are considered the accessory muscles of respiration.

Back 30

Pectoralis major

Front 31

The abdominal muscles are the only accessory muscles of ___.

Back 31

expiration