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21 Cards in this Set

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Rouleaux formation

Looks Like : stack formation


What: circulate normally but stack on smear


Indicates: increased proteins due to inflammation


Notes: NORMAL in cats and horses

Agglutination

Looks Like : irregular clumps of RBC

What: due to antibody coating RBC


Indicates: problems


Notes: saline disperse rouleaux but not autoaalutination

Anisocytosis

variation is RBC size


RDW (red blood cell distribution width) is the numerical measure

Polychromasia

Looks Like : larger and more blue grey cell ** with wrights stain

What: less mature RBCS


Indicates: more RNA and less Hgb REGENERATIVE response in anemic animals


Notes: 0-2 is normal in dogs and cats, called reticulocytes if NMB stain

hypochromasia

Looks Like : increased in central zone of pallor

What: decreased amount of hemoglobin (decreased MCHC)


Indicates: decreased Hgb from iron deficiency or a regenerative response


Notes: distinguish from punched out cells

basophilic stippling

Looks Like : punctate basophilic granules

What: consist of ribosomes nad polyribosomes


Indicates: regenerativve anemia in ruminants


lead toxicity in dogs

nucleated RBC

Looks Like : dark blue nucleus and purplish large cytoplasm

with reticulocyte: part of regenerative response


without reticulocytes:


extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenic dysfunction, hemangiocarcoma, cushings disease. lead toxicity, erythroleukemia in cats




Howwell- Jolly Bodies

Looks Like : round basophilic small body within the cell

What: nuclear fragment


Indicates: some types of regenerative anemia, extramedullaryhemolysis , splenic dystfunction

Spherocytes

Looks Like : small RBC without central zone of pallor

What: decreased surfaces to volume ratio because antibodies bind to RBCs resulting in partial phagocytosis by macrophages in spleen


Indicates: Immune MediatedHemolytic anemia


Notes: difficulte to detect in cats horses and ruminant

Poikilocytes

general term for RBC of abnormal shape


USE another term

schistocytes

RBC fragments from mechanical trauma, intravascular coagulation


vascular neoplasm


vasculitis


alter vasular flow

Keratocytes

Looks Like : 1 or 2 projections What: physical or chemical injury to the cell

Indicates: iron deficiency DIC liver diease

acanthocytes

Looks Like : unevenly distributed irregular thorny projections What: excess cholesterol in RBC membrane

Indicates: Liver diease, DIC hemangiosarcoma (most common) splenic disease :

echinocytes

Looks Like : uniformly spaced projections

What: usually invitro artifact


crenasted RBS


Indicates: lymphoma, rattlesnake bite, chemotherapy


Notes: post exercise in horses

Leptocytes

Looks Like : folded cells or target cells

What: increased surface area to volume ratio


Indicates: liver disease, hypothyroidism, iron deficiency or chronic disease


Notes: Normal or nonspecific

stomatocytes

Looks Like : mouth like slit


Indicates: USUALLY ARTIFACT


Notes: can eb hereditary

punched out or bowl cells

Looks Like : HgB distributed to outer edges with sharply demarkated center

Indicates: ARTIFACT


Notes: MCHC is normal (appear hypochromic but not)



Heinz Bodies

Looks Like : precipitated Hgb protrudes from RBC surface

What:induced by oxidants drugs and toxins (onions and acetometaphin


Indicates: chronic liver disease


Notes: more comone in cats

eccentrocytes

Looks Like : hemoglobin condensed at one end of the celland white space

What: oxidative injury to cell membrane


Indicates: zinc toxicity dogs


red maple leaf toxicity in horse



dacryocytes

Looks Like :tear drop shaped

What: common non specific finding in sick camelids and anemic llamas


Indicates: Myeloproliferative disorders in dogs and cats

Reticulocytes

Looks Like : WITH NMB stain organelles stain blue What: immature anucleate RBC that still have ribosomes and mitochondira to synthesize Hgb Indicates: regenerative anemia if increased # and nonregenerative anemia normal numbersNotes: polychromatic cells stained with wrights