Raven/johnson Biology V1,8Th Edition Chapter 4 Cell Structure

Front 1

Person to first observe cells

Back 1

Robert Hook, 1665

Front 2

Person to term "animalcules"

Back 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 3

Who proposed "Cell Theory"

Back 3

Schleiden and Schwan

Mathias Schleiden (1838)
Theodore Schwann (1839)

Front 4

Cell Theory is...

Back 4

1. All organisms are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest living things
3.Cells arise only from pre-existing cells

Front 5

Where is the DNA located in a Prokaryote?

Back 5

Nucleoid

Front 6

Person to first observe cells

Back 6

Robert Hook, 1665

Front 7

Person to term "animalcules"

Back 7

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 8

Who proposed "Cell Theory"

Back 8

Schleiden and Schwan

Mathias Schleiden (1838)
Theodore Schwann (1839)

Front 9

Cell Theory is...

Back 9

1. All organisms are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest living things
3.Cells arise only from pre-existing cells

Front 10

Where is the DNA located in a Prokaryote?

Back 10

Nucleoid

Front 11

Where is the DNA located in Eukaryote?

Back 11

Nucleus

Front 12

A semifluid matrix?

Back 12

Cytoplasm

Front 13

Do prokaryote have organelles

Back 13

No

Front 14

What is an organelle?

Back 14

Specialized membrane bound structures that perform specific tasks

Front 15

What do ALL cells have in common?

Back 15

1. Genetic material-in a nucleoid or nucleus
2. Cytoplasm-a semifluid matrix
3. Plasma membrane-a phospholipid membrane

Front 16

Two types of Prokaryotes?

Back 16

Archaea
Bacteria

Front 17

4 Types of Eukaryotes?

Back 17

1. Plants
2. Animals
3. Fungi-molds, mushrooms, yeasts
4. Protists-single celled orgnaisms

Front 18

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

Back 18

Binary fission-a simple splitting of the cell into 2 equal parts

Front 19

The plasma membrane is...?

Back 19

a phospholipid bilayer that encloses and separates its contents from its surroundings

Front 20

_________ proteins help molecules move across the plasma membrane

Back 20

Transport

Front 21

Define prokaryote

Back 21

simple organisms consisting of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane and encased within a rigid cell wall with no distinct internal compartments

Front 22

What is the cell wall made of in bacteria

Back 22

Peptidoglycan

Front 23

Gram positive means?

Back 23

thick cell wall that retains a violet dye appearing puple under a microscope

Front 24

Gram negative means?

Back 24

bacteria that have evolved to a more complex, multilayered cell wall that does not retain the purple dye. They appear red after staining

Front 25

Define flagella

Back 25

long, threadlike structure protruding from the surface that are used in locomotion

Front 26

Do prokaryotes have ribosomes?

Back 26

Yes. Ribosomes are used in protein synthesis

Front 27

Define fimbriae

Back 27

Hollow, hair like structures used for attatchment

Front 28

Define Pili

Back 28

Hair like structures used in the transfer of genetic information

Front 29

Do archae have peptidoglycan?

Back 29

No

Front 30

Do animal cells have cell walls?

Back 30

No

Front 31

Define prokaryote

Back 31

simple organisms consisting of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane and encased within a rigid cell wall with no distinct internal compartments

Front 32

What is the cell wall made of in bacteria

Back 32

Peptidoglycan

Front 33

Gram positive means?

Back 33

thick cell wall that retains a violet dye appearing puple under a microscope

Front 34

Gram negative means?

Back 34

bacteria that have evolved to a more complex, multilayered cell wall that does not retain the purple dye. They appear red after staining

Front 35

Define flagella

Back 35

long, threadlike structure protruding from the surface that are used in locomotion

Front 36

Plasma membrane

Back 36

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Hint 36

Regulates what passes into and out of the cell. Cell-to-cell recognition; connections and adhesion;cell communication

Front 37

Nucleus

Back 37

Spherical, contains chromosomes and is surrounded by a double membrane called a nuclear envelope composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers

Hint 37

Contains genetic information in the form of multiple, linear chromosomes.

Front 38

Chromosomes

Back 38

Long threads of DNA that form a complex with protein

Hint 38

Contain heredity information used to direct the systhesis of protein

Front 39

Ribosomes

Back 39

Small, complex assemblies of protein and RNA. 2 subunits

Hint 39

Protein Synthesis

Front 40

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Back 40

A network of internal membranous channels throughout the cytoplasm. Attatched ribosomes give a rough appearence.

Hint 40

Synthesis of proteins

Front 41

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Back 41

Network of membranous channels throughtout the cytoplasm. Few if any ribosomes attatched.

Hint 41

Synthesis of phospholipids, calcium storage, detoxification of foreign substances

Front 42

Golgi Apparatus

Back 42

Flattened stacks of interconnected membranes

Hint 42

Inspects, packages, and distributes materials to different parts of the cell. Synthesis of cell wall compontents

Front 43

Lysosomes

Back 43

Membrane bound vesicles derived from the golgi apparatus containing digestive enzymes.

Hint 43

Break down macromolecules, worn out ogranells, and cellular debris.

Front 44

Mitochondria

Back 44

Present in all eukaryotes.

Hint 44

Energy production in the form of ATP.

Front 45

Chloroplasts

Back 45

Present in PLANTS ONLY. Contains chlorophyll.

Hint 45

Photosynthesis

Front 46

Thylakoids

Back 46

membranous sacs within chlorpolasts stacted together with other thylakoids

Hint 46

Photosynthesis

Front 47

Grana

Back 47

Stacks of thylakoids

Hint 47

Photosynthesis

Front 48

Stroma

Back 48

Fluid that fills chloroplasts

Hint 48

Photosynthesis

Front 49

Chlorophyll

Back 49

Green pigments in chloroplasts

Hint 49

Photosynthesis

Front 50

Cytoskeleton

Back 50

Network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells.

Hint 50

Supports the shape of the cell, keeps organelles in fixed locations. The "scaffolding" of the cell.

Front 51

Mitochondria

Back 51

Surrounded by 2 membranes. Smooth outer layer, folded inner membrane with layers called cristae.

Hint 51

Energy production

Front 52

Cristae

Back 52

folded inner layers of a mitochondria

Hint 52

Energy production

Front 53

Vacuoles-plants

Back 53

large central area.

Hint 53

Used for water storage and other molecules such as sugar, ions, pigments, and waste products.

Front 54

Vacuoles-animals

Back 54

Contractile vacuole, regular vacuole

Hint 54

Contractile vacuole: acts as a pump for some portists to propel themselves. Regular vacuole acts as storage for some animal cells.

Front 55

Flagella

Back 55

Long filamentous appendages found in some animal and protists-rotary movement.

Hint 55

Cell movement

Front 56

Cilia

Back 56

Aranged on the rows on the surface of a eukaryotic cell

Hint 56

Cell movement