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397 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells
|
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
|
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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atucte toxic/viral nephrosis
|
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rhomboid crystal, postively birefringent
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pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
|
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rib notching
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coarctation of aorta
|
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sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky")
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8;14], c-myc, EBV assoc.)
|
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silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia)
|
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small granulomatous lesions in lungs (can calcify)
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Ghon focus
|
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soap bubble in femur or tibia
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giant cell tumor of bone - generally benign
|
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spikes on basement membrane, dome like endothelial deposits
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membranous glomerulonephritis
|
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small, round RBC inclusions
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Heinz bodies (G6PD, alpha-thalassemia, chronic liver disease)
|
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stacks of RBC
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rouleux (high ESR: multiple myeloma)
|
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stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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"Clue cells" - gardnerella vaginalis
|
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"Tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck granules - histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granulomas
|
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thrombi made of red/white layers
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lines of Zahn - arterial thrombus, layers of platelets and RBCs
|
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"thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
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epiglottitis (H. influenzae)
|
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thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
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"tram-track" appearance of LM
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membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
|
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triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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WBC that appear smudged
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CLL (almost always B cells, elderly)
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"wire loop" glomerular appearance
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lupus nephropathy
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yellow CSF
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xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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actinic (solar) keratosis
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SCC
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acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
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Cushing's ulcer (increase ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
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acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results of sloughing of gastric mucosa)
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alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
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skip lesion (Crohn's disease: autoimmune)
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aneurysm, dissecting
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HTN
|
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aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
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atherosclerosis
|
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ascending aortic aneurysm
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tertiary syphilis, Marfan's syndrome
|
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atrophy of mammillary bodies
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Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine decifiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
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autosplectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
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Sickle cell anemia (HbS)
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bacteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user)
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S. aureus
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bacteria assoc with stomach cancer
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H. pylori
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bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
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strep pneu
|
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bacterial meningitis (newborns & kinds)
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Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneu or Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
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benign melanocytic nevus
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spitz nevus (MC in first two decades)
|
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bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
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Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in plt adhesion)
|
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brain tumors (adults)
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supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
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brain tumors (kid)
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infratentorial: astrocytoma > medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
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breast cancer
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infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US 1 in 9 women will develop breast CA)
|
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breast mass
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1. fibrocystic change
2. carcinoma in postmenopausal women |
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breast tumor (benign)
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fibroadenoma
|
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Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient
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Klebsiella
|
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Cadiac primary tumor in kids
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rhabdomyoma
|
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cardiac manifestation of lupus
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Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral valve)
|
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cardiac tumor of adults
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1. metastasis
2. primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and chain") |
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cardiomyopathy
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dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial)
|
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cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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Arnold-Chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus & syringomyelia)
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chronic arrhythmia
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atrial fib (high risk of emboli)
|
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chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
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predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
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clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
|
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congenital adrenal hyperplasia
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
|
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congenital cardiac anomaly
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MC is VSD
|
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congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin
|
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patient with ALL/CLL.AML.CML
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ALL: child; CLL: adult > 60; AML: adult > 60; CML: adult 35-50
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
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Turner's syndrome (XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wounding healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
|
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systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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aortic valve stenosis
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thyroid, parthyroid, adrenal tumors
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Sipple's syndrome (MEN 2A)
|
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ulcerated genital lesion with exudate - painful
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Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
|
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unilateral facial drooping
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
|
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urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27)
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Vascular birthmark (Port wine stain)
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hemangioma (benign, but assoc with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
|
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
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Turner's syndrome (XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
|
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
|
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swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wounding healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
|
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swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
|
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systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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aortic valve stenosis
|
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thyroid, parthyroid, adrenal tumors
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Sipple's syndrome (MEN 2A)
|
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ulcerated genital lesion with exudate - painful
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Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
|
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unilateral facial drooping
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
|
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urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27)
|
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Vascular birthmark (Port wine stain)
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hemangioma (benign, but assoc with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
|
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Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Scwartzman reactoin (following second exposure to endotoxin)
|
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Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholics and eating disorders)
|
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"waxy" casts with very low urine flow
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chronic end-stage renal disease
|
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WBC casts in urine
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acute pyelonephritis
|
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weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
|
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"worst headache of my life"
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with Berry aneurysm (associated with APCKD)
|
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animal urine in water, jaundice, photophobia w/conjunctivitis
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Leptospira interrogans
|
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rash on palms and soles
|
seconday syphyllis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Coxsackie virus
|
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anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
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celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
|
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azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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auer rods (AML: esp t15;17)
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"bamboo spine" on xray
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ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)
|
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basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
|
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basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
|
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bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
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anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
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celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
|
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"boot shaped" heart on xray
|
TOF
|
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branching gram positive rods with sulfur granule
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Actinomyces israelii
|
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azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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auer rods (AML: esp t15;17)
|
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bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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pancoast tumors (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
|
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"bamboo spine" on xray
|
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)
|
|
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
|
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"brown" tumor of bone
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hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to:
1. hyperparathyroidism 2. osteitis fibrosa cystica |
|
basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
|
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bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
"boot shaped" heart on xray
|
TOF
|
|
branching gram positive rods with sulfur granule
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Actinomyces israelii
|
|
bronchogenic apical lung tumor
|
pancoast tumors (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
|
|
"brown" tumor of bone
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hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to:
1. hyperparathyroidism 2. osteitis fibrosa cystica |
|
anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
|
celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
|
|
azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
|
auer rods (AML: esp t15;17)
|
|
"bamboo spine" on xray
|
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)
|
|
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
|
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
|
|
basophilic stippling of RBCs
|
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
|
|
bloody tap on LP
|
subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
"boot shaped" heart on xray
|
TOF
|
|
branching gram positive rods with sulfur granule
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
bronchogenic apical lung tumor
|
pancoast tumors (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
|
|
"brown" tumor of bone
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hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to:
1. hyperparathyroidism 2. osteitis fibrosa cystica |
|
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
|
Chagas disease (trypansoma cruzi)
|
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cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
|
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"chocolate cysts" of ovaries
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endometriosis
|
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circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer-Wright rosettes (adrenal neurofibroma, medulloblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma)
|
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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CF (CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
|
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hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present), anemia of chronic disease
|
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increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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neural tube defects or abdominal wall defects (anencephaly, spina bifida, omphalocele, gastroschisis)
|
|
increased uric acid levels
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gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
|
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intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdy type A bodies (HSV)
|
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iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
|
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large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised
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Chediak - Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
|
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low serum ceruloplasm
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
|
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"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
|
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
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lytic ('hole punched" bone lesions on x-ray
|
multiple myeloma
|
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mammary gland (blue domed cyst)
|
fibrocystic change of the breast
|
|
monoclonal antibody spike
|
1. multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
2. monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia |
|
Monoglonal globulin protein in blood/urine
|
Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chaing in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
|
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mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
|
signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
|
|
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
|
"string sign" Crohn's disease
|
|
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
|
gout (hyperuricemia)
|
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nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
|
Kimmelstiel - Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
|
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"nutmeg" appearance of liver
|
chronic passive of congestion of liver due to right heart failure
|
|
"onion skin" periosteal reaction
|
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
|
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periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
|
Codmann's triangle on x-ray: Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
|
|
Podocyte fusion on EM
|
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
|
|
polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
|
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
|
|
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
|
neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
|
|
pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
|
Glioblastoma multiforme
|
|
RBC casts in urine
|
acute glomerulonephritis
|
|
MCC clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
|
DES exposure in utero
|
|
MCC congenital adrenal hyperplasia
|
21-hydroxylase deficiency
|
|
MCC congenital cardiac anomaly
|
VSD
|
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MC congenital conugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
|
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MCC constrictive pericarditis in developing world
|
Tuberculosis
|
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MC coronary artery involved in thrombosis
|
LAD > RC > LCA
|
|
Cretinism
|
iodine deficient/hypothyroidism
|
|
Cushing's syndrome
|
1. corticosteroid therapy
2. excess ACTH secretion by pituitary |
|
Cyanosis - early
|
tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
|
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Cyanosis - late
|
VAS, ASD, PDA, Eisenmeinger's syndrome
|
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MCC death in CML
|
blast crisis
|
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MCC death in SLE
|
lupus nephropathy assoc with anti-dsDNA
|
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MCC dementia
|
1. Alzheimer's disease
2. multi infarcts |
|
MC demyelinating disease
|
multiple sclerosis
|
|
MC DIC
|
Sepsis, obstetric emergency, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, transfusion
|
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MC dietary deficit
|
iron
|
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MC diverticulum in pharynx
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Zenker's diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)
|
|
MCC ejection click
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aortic/pulmonary stenosis
|
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MCC food poisoning
|
exotoxin of S. aureus or Bacillus cereus
|
|
MC esophageal cancer
|
squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
MC gene involved in cancer
|
p53
|
|
MCC glomerulonephritis in adults
|
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
|
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MC gynecological malignancy
|
endometrial carcinoma
|
|
MC heart murmur
|
mitral valve prolapse
|
|
MC heart valve involved in bacterial endocarditis
|
mitral > tricuspid > aortic
|
|
MC helminth infection in US
|
1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. ascaris lumbricoides |
|
MC vitamin deficit
|
folate
|
|
Epidural hematoma
|
rupture of middle meningeal artery leading to fast arterial bleeding and lens shape lesion
|
|
subdural hematoma
|
rupture of bridging vessels leading to slow bleeding and crescent shaped lesion
|
|
hemochromatosis caused by
|
multi blood transfusions (can result and CHF and increase risk of HCC) or genetic
|
|
MCC hepatocellular carcinoma
|
cirrhotic liver (often assoc with Hep B and Hep C)
|
|
MC hereditary bleeding disVSD, tricusorder
|
von Willebrand's disease
|
|
MC hereditary harmless jaundice
|
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
|
|
HLA-B27
|
ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis
|
|
HLA-DR3 or DR4
|
diabetes meillitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
|
|
holosystolic murmur
|
VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg
|
|
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
|
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
|
|
secondary HTN
|
renal disease
|
|
hypoparathyroidism
|
thryoidectomy
|
|
hypopituitarism
|
adenoma
|
|
infection in blood transfusion
|
hepatitis C
|
|
kidney stones
|
1. calcium = radiopaque
2. struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque 3. uric acid = radiolucent |
|
late cyanotic shunt
|
eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
|
|
liver disease
|
alcoholic liver disease
|
|
lysosomal storage disease - MC
|
Gaucher's disease
|
|
MC male cancer
|
prostatic carcinoma
|
|
MC malignancy assoc with noninfectious fever
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
MC malignant skin tumor
|
basal cell carcinoma
|
|
MCC mental retardation
|
1. Down syndrome
2. fragile X |
|
MC mets to bone
|
breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
|
|
MC mets to brain
|
lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (RCC) and GI
|
|
MC mets to liver
|
colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast and lung carcinomas
|
|
MCC mitral valve stenosis
|
rheumatic heart disease
|
|
MC motor neuron disease
|
ALS
|
|
MCC myocarditis
|
coxsackie B virus
|
|
MC neoplasm in kids
|
1. ALL
2. cerebellar medulloblastoma |
|
MC nephrotic syndrome in adults
|
membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
|
Budd Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
* assoc BCP & polycythemia vera |
|
achilles tendon xanthoma
|
familial hypercholesterolemia
|
|
adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
|
waterhouse-friedrichsen syndrome due to N. meningitidis
|
|
arachnodactyly, lens discoloration, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
|
Marfan's syndrome due to fibrillin gene defect
|
|
back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
|
pott's disease (vertebral TB)
|
|
big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
|
Babinski's sign (UMN defect) - normal in babies
|
|
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
|
sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
|
|
blue sclera
|
osteogenesis imperfecta (Type I collagen defect)
|
|
bluish line on gingiva
|
Burton's line (lead poisoning)
|
|
bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
|
Paget's disease of bone (increase OB & OC activity)
|
|
cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
|
NF1 (+bilateral acoustic neuromas = NF2)
|
|
calf pseudohypertrophy
|
Muscular dystrophy (MC Duchenne's)
|
|
"Cherry red spot" on macula
|
Neiman Picks, central retinal artery occlusion, Tay sachs
|
|
chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
|
Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post MI fibrinous percarditis)
|
|
child uses arms to stand from squat
|
Gower's sign (muscular dystrophy = XR deleted dystrophin gene)
|
|
child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
|
"slapped cheek", Erythema infectiosum aka Fifth disease - parvovirus B19 (ss DNA, nonenveloped virus, hammerhead)
|
|
chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
|
Huntington's disease (AD CAG repeat expansion)
|
|
chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
|
McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
|
|
cold intolerance
|
hypothyroidism
|
|
conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
|
internuclear opthalmoplegia due to damage to MLF - if bilateral then it's multiple sclerosis but if it's unilateral then it's stroke
|
|
continuous "machinery" heart murmur
|
PDA - assoc with congenital rubella
Open: PGE2 close: indomethacin |
|
cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition
|
myxedema (hypothyroidism, Grave's disease)
|
|
Dark purple skin/ mouth nodules
|
Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients esp gay men; assoc with HHV-8)
|
|
deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
|
Kussmal breathing in DKA to blow out the acid
|
|
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
|
Pellagra (vitamin B3 deficiency)
|
|
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
|
wet beri beri
|
|
dog or cat bite resulting in infection
|
pasturella multicocida
|
|
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
Sjogren syndrome
|
|
dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
|
Plummer Vinson syndrome
|
|
elastic skin, hypermobility joints
|
Ehlers Danlos syndrome (Type II collagen defect(
|
|
enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
|
virchow nodule
|
|
erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
|
Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
|
|
facial muscle spasm upon tapping
|
Chovstek sign (hypocalcemia)
|
|
fat, female, forty, and fertile
|
cholelithiasis
|
|
fever, chills, HA, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
|
Jarisch-herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
|
|
fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
|
measles (morbillivirus)
|
|
fever, night sweats, weight loss
|
B symptoms (lymphoma) or TB
|
|
fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
|
peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
|
|
gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in boy
|
Lesch-Nyhan disease (HGPRT deficiency)
|
|
green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea and damage to putamen
|
Wilson's disease (Kaiser-Flescher rings)
|
|
hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
|
peutz-jeugher's syndrome
|
|
hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurological symptoms
|
Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
|
|
hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
|
Alport's syndrome (type IV collagen deficiency)
|
|
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
|
Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancrea or lung)
|
|
hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
|
kluver-bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
|
|
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
|
Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
|
|
hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnea
|
Blue bloater - chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells
|
|
indurated, ulcerated genital lesion (non painful)
|
chancre - 1st syph or gumma - 3rd syph
|
|
infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurdegeneration
|
niemann pick disease (genetic spingomyelinase deficiency)
|
|
infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly
|
cori's disease (branching enzyme deficiency)
|
|
infant with microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, and structural heart defect
|
Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
|
|
jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
|
Charcot's triad (ascending cholangitis)
|
|
keratin pearls on skin lesion
|
squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
large rash with bull's eye appearance
|
erythema chronicum migrans frmo tick bite (Lyme - borrelia0
|
|
lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
|
epidural hematoma - damage middle meningeal artery
|
|
male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
|
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia (XL)
|
|
mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
|
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in plt aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
|
|
multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
|
Gardner's syndrome
|
|
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
|
Wegner's (also involved upper airways) and Goodpasteur's syndromes
|
|
neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
|
Erb-Duchenne palsy - superior trunk C5-C6 damage --> waiters tip
|
|
no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
|
Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
|
|
nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
|
multiple sclerosis
|
|
oscillating slow/fast breathing
|
Cheyne stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increase ICP)
|
|
painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
|
Cold agglutination disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia cause by mycoplasma pneu, infectious mononucleosis)
|
|
painful, pale, cold fingers and toes
|
Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
|
|
painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
|
osler's nodes (infectious endocarditis)
|
|
painless jaundice
|
cancer of the pancreatic head obstructin bile duct
|
|
palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
|
henonch schein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
|
|
pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
|
MEN I
|
|
pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
|
Pink puffer - emphysema: centroacinar assoc smoking, panacinar assoc with alpha 1 deficiency
|
|
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe au lait, short stature in young girl
|
McCune Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation)
|
|
polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance
|
Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
|
|
positive anterior "drawer sign"
|
anterior cruciate ligament injury
|
|
ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
|
horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
|
|
pupil accommodates but doesn't react
|
argyl robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
|
|
rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/URI)
|
guillain-barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
|
|
rash on palms and soles
|
secondary syphyilis, Rocky Mtn spotted fever
|
|
recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
|
Job's syndrome (hyper IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
|
|
red "currant jelly" sputum
|
klebsiella pneumoniae
|
|
red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
|
Paget's dsiease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
|
|
red urine in the morning
|
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
|
renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, phenchromocytoma
|
von Hipple Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
|
|
resting tremor, rigiditiy, akinesia, postural instability
|
Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
|
|
restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance
|
Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase depletion)
|
|
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
|
Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
|
|
severe jaundice in neonate
|
Crigler Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
|
|
severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
|
McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
|
|
short stature, increase incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
|
Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML)
|
|
single palm crease
|
simian crease (Down syndrome)
|
|
situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis
|
kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)
|
|
skin hyperpigmentation
|
Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology)
|
|
slow, progressive muscle weakness in boy
|
Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
|
|
small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
|
koplik spots (measles)
|
|
small, nontender, erythematous lesions on palms/soles
|
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
|
|
smooth, flat moist white lesions on genitals
|
condylomata lata (secondary syphillis)
|
|
splinter hemorrhages in fingernail
|
bacterial endocarditis
|
|
"strawberry tongue"
|
scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
|
|
anticentromere antibodies
|
scleroderma (CREST)
|
|
antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
|
pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
|
|
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
|
Goodpasteur syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage)
|
|
antihistone antibodies
|
Drug induced SLE
|
|
anti-IgG antibodies
|
rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation,joint pannus, boutonneire deformity) IgM vs IgG
|
|
antimitochondrial antibodies
|
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
|
|
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
|
Wegner's - C, microscopic polyangitis - P, glomerulonephritis - Pauci immune
|
|
antinuclear antibodies (anti Smith and anti-dsDNA)
|
SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)
|
|
antiplatelet antibodies
|
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) - bleeding diathesis
|
|
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
|
diffuse systemic scleroderma
|
|
opening snap heard best in left lateral decubitus position
|
mitral stenosis
|
|
opportunistic infection in AIDS
|
PCP treat with TMP-SMX
|
|
organ receiving mets
|
adrenal glands
|
|
organ sending mets
|
lung > breast, stomach
|
|
osteomyelitis
|
S. aureus
|
|
MCC osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
|
salmonella
|
|
MCC osteomyelitis with IV drug abuse
|
pseudomonas
|
|
MCC ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
|
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet cells)
|
|
MC benign ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenoma
|
|
MC malignant ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
pancreatic tumor
|
adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
|
|
pancreatic tumor
|
adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
|
|
pancreatitis (acute)
|
EtOH and gallstones
|
|
pancreatitis (acute)
|
EtOH and gallstones
|
|
pancreatitis chronic
|
EtOH adults and Cf in kids
|
|
pancreatitis chronic
|
EtOH adults and Cf in kids
|
|
patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
|
ALL - child, CLL adult > 60, AML adult > 60, CML adult 33-50
|
|
patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
|
ALL - child, CLL adult > 60, AML adult > 60, CML adult 33-50
|
|
patients with hodgkins disease
|
young male except nodular sclerosing is young female
|
|
patients with hodgkins disease
|
young male except nodular sclerosing is young female
|
|
pelvic inflammatory disease
|
Neisseria gonorrheae
|
|
opening snap heard best in left lateral decubitus position
|
mitral stenosis
|
|
pelvic inflammatory disease
|
Neisseria gonorrheae
|
|
philadelphia chromosome (BCR-abl)
|
CML
|
|
opportunistic infection in AIDS
|
PCP treat with TMP-SMX
|
|
philadelphia chromosome (BCR-abl)
|
CML
|
|
organ receiving mets
|
adrenal glands
|
|
pituitary tumor
|
1. prolactinoma 2. somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
|
|
pituitary tumor
|
1. prolactinoma 2. somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
|
|
organ sending mets
|
lung > breast, stomach
|
|
pneumonia, hospital acquired
|
klebsiella
|
|
pneumonia, hospital acquired
|
klebsiella
|
|
primary amenorrhea
|
Turner's syndrome XO
|
|
osteomyelitis
|
S. aureus
|
|
opening snap heard best in left lateral decubitus position
|
mitral stenosis
|
|
primary amenorrhea
|
Turner's syndrome XO
|
|
MCC osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
|
salmonella
|
|
opportunistic infection in AIDS
|
PCP treat with TMP-SMX
|
|
organ receiving mets
|
adrenal glands
|
|
MCC osteomyelitis with IV drug abuse
|
pseudomonas
|
|
organ sending mets
|
lung > breast, stomach
|
|
MCC ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
|
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet cells)
|
|
osteomyelitis
|
S. aureus
|
|
MC benign ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenoma
|
|
MCC osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
|
salmonella
|
|
MC malignant ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
MCC osteomyelitis with IV drug abuse
|
pseudomonas
|
|
MCC ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
|
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet cells)
|
|
MC benign ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenoma
|
|
MC malignant ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
pancreatic tumor
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
acute pancreatitis
|
alcohol and gallstone
|
|
chronic pancreatitis
|
alcohol in adults, Cf in children
|
|
patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
|
ALL - kids, CLL > 60, AML > 60, CML 33-50
|
|
patient with hodgkin disease
|
young man except nodular sclerosing type is young woman
|
|
pelvic inflammatory disease
|
neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
philadelphia chromosome
|
CML
|
|
pituitary tumor
|
1. prolactinoma, 2. somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
|
|
pneumonia, hospital acquired
|
klebsiella
|
|
MCC primary amenorrhea
|
turner's syndrome (XO)
|
|
MC primary bone tumor
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
MC pirmary hyperaldosteronism
|
adenoma of adrenal cortex
|
|
primary hyperparathyroidism
|
1. adenomas, 2. hyperplasia, 3. carcinoma
|
|
primary liver cancer
|
hepatocellular carcinoma (increased AFP)
|
|
recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
|
Buerger's disease - assoc with tobacco
|
|
renal tumor
|
RCC: assoc with von Hipple lindau and ADPKD, paraneoplastic syndromes
|
|
right hear failure due to pulmonary cause
|
cor pulmonale
|
|
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
|
increased ventricular filling (L -> R shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure) - dilated ventricle
|
|
S4 (presystolic gallop)
|
stiff/hypertrophic ventricles (AS, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
|
|
sexually transmitted disease
|
chlamydia
|
|
SIADH
|
small cell carcinoma of the lung
|
|
site of diverticula
|
sigmoid colon
|
|
site of mets
|
1. regional lymph nodes
2. liver |
|
sites of atherosclerosis
|
abd aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
|
|
stomach cancer
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
|
zollinger ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
|
|
t(14;18)
|
follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
|
|
t(8;14)
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (C-myc)
|
|
t(9;22)
|
CML (bcr-abl)
|
|
t(11;22)
|
Ewing's sarcoma
|
|
temporal arteritis
|
risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; giant cell arteritis; increased ESR
|
|
MC testicular tumor
|
seminoma
|
|
MC thyroid tumor
|
papillary carcinoma assoc irradiation and psammoma bodies
|
|
tumor in women
|
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
|
|
tumor of infancy
|
hemangioma
|
|
tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
|
pheochoromoctyoma (usually bening)
|
|
tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
|
neuroblastoma (malignant) with Homer wright rosettes
|
|
MC type of hodgkins
|
nodular sclerosis
|
|
MC type of non-hodgkins
|
diffuse large cell
|
|
UTI causes
|
80% is E.coli, s. saprophyticus in young women
|
|
MC viral encephalitis
|
HSV
|
|
MC vitamin deficiency
|
folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk, body stores only 3-4 month supply)
|