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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Range of Motion: Critical Criteria
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Critical Criteria-ROM
• Supports dependent joints • Moves body parts smoothly, slowly, and rhythmically • Stops at point of pain, resistance, or fatigue • Identifies and demonstrates exercises appropriate for specific body joints – flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, opposition, internal rotation, external rotation |
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Define Range of Motion
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Complete extent of movement
of which the joint is normally capable |
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• Active
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• Active
– Client performs independently. – Improves/maintains strength, cardiovascular, respiratory function |
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• Active-assisted
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• Active-assisted
– Nurse provides minimal assist |
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•Passive
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•Passive
– Nurse moves joint through ROM |
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Joint Movements
•Flexion |
•Flexion
– Decreasing the angle of the joint |
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Joint Movements
• Extension |
• Extension
– Increasing the angle of the joint |
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Joint Movements
• Hyperextension |
• Hyperextension
– Further extension or straightening of a joint – Not done on the neck for passive ROM |
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Joint Movements
• Abduction |
• Abduction
– Movement of the bone away from the midline of the body |
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Joint Movements
• Adduction |
• Adduction
– Movement of the bone toward the midline of the body |
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Joint movements
• Rotation-Internal & External |
• Rotation-Internal & External
– Movement of the bone around its central axis |
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Joint movements
• Circumduction |
• Circumduction
– Movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed |
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Joint movements
•Eversion |
•Eversion
– Turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint |
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Joint movements
• Inversion |
• Inversion
– Turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint |
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Joint Movement
• Pronation |
• Pronation
– Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front of the body |
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Joint Movement
• Supination |
• Supination
– Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front of the body |
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Joint Movement
• Opposition |
• Opposition
– Thumb movement to touch other fingers only |
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Patient Limitations
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Patient Limitations
• Joint mobility • Swelling, tenderness at joint, redness • Deformities • Pain • Muscle atrophy, contractures • Asymmetrical movement |
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Nursing Procedure
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Nursing Procedure
• Explain procedure to client. Wash hands • Raise bed to waist level, lower HOB as tolerated • Begin ROM at client head, move down body one side at a time • Perform each exercise 2-5 times • Protect joint – Use cupped hand to support joint – Cradle distal portion of extremity – Support joint by holding distal and proximal areas next to joint -Documentation |
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Goal
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Keep patient in best possible physical
state when bed rest is necessary |
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• Physician Order:
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• Physician Order: Physical therapy designs
and implements program |
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• Document
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• Document: What was done, how, when,
patient education, limb(s), exercise, repetitions, patient response |
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MOBILITY
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ADOLSCENTS (12-18yrs.) |
ADOLSCENTS (12-18yrs.)
1 Tremendous uneven growth spurts 2 Awkward 3 Uncoordinated 4 Postural problems |
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MOBILITY
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ADULT (18yrs. >) |
ADOLSCENTS (12-18yrs.)
1 Tremendous uneven growth spurts 2 Awkward 3 Uncoordinated 4 Postural problems |
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MOBILITY
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 20-40 Midlife 40-65 - Older 65> |
20-40 – generally have few physical changes
affecting mobility with the exception of pregnant women - Midlife 40-65 – coordination and musculoskeletal development determined upon lifestyle - Older 65> -decreased ROM, decreased muscle, bone mass, and strength, slower gait ( not all elderly ) |
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JOINTS
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- Functional unit of the Musculoskeletal System
- Bones connect at joints - Muscles attach to bones at / near joints - Muscles are classified according to joint action ( flexors,extensors ) |
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TYPES OF JOINTS
Synarthrosis |
Synarthrosis – immovable
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TYPES OF JOINTS
Amphiarthrosis |
Amphiarthrosis – slightly movable
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TYPES OF JOINTS
Diarthrosis / Synovial |
Diarthrosis / Synovial – freely movable
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SYNOVIAL JOINTS
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SYNOVIAL JOINTS
1) Freely movable 2) Characteristically has a cavity enclosed by a capsule 3) Lubricated with synovial fluid 4) Primary function: -Bear weight -Movement |
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TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS (6)
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TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS (6)
1) Ball and Socket 2) Hinge 3) Pivot 4) Condyloid 5) Saddle 6) Gliding |
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BALL AND SOCKET
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BALL AND SOCKET
- Movement -flexion, -extension, -hyperextension -abduction -adduction -circumduction *Examples – hip, shoulder |
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HINGE JOINT
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HINGE JOINT
- Movement – flexion -extension *Examples – finger, toe, knee, elbow, ankle joints |
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PIVOT JOINT
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- Movement – rotation
* Examples – joints between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna. Some joints of the vertebral column. |
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CONDYLOID JOINT
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CONDYLOID JOINT
-Movement – flexion -extension -abduction -adduction * Example – wrist joints |
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SADDLE JOINT
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SADDLE JOINT
- Movement – flexion -extension -abduction -adduction * Example – base of the thumb only |
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GLIDING JOINT
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GLIDING JOINT
- Movement – gliding * Examples – carpal bones, tarsal bones, ribs w/ vertebrae, sacrum and iliac, fibula w/ tibia |
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BODY MECHANICS
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BODY MECHANICS
- The ability to maintain balance, body alignment, and coordinated body movements - Correct use of body mechanics is a phase of illness prevention and health promotion. - Nurses responsibility is to use ( be an example) and teach correct body mechanics. |
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BODY MECHANICS
- Proper |
- Proper – safe and effective movement
conservation of muscle energy increased mobility |
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BODY MECHANICS
- Improper |
- Improper – unsafe movement
increased energy output strains, falls, decreased mobility |
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BODY
MECHANICS |
- General health status
- Nutrition - Emotions - Habits - Situational factors - Life style - Personal values - Knowledge - Disease/injury - Postural abnormalities |
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THERAPEUTIC BEDREST
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- Decreased physical activity
- Decreased pain - Increased rest - Bed rest vs. bed rest with bathroom privileges (Familiarize yourself with the meaning of bed rest in each practice setting) |