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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
P wave
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P wave at ECG represents atrial depolorization
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QRS
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ventricular contractions
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T wave
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repolorization
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hormones of anterior pituitary gland
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HGH,LH FSH ,TSH and prolactin.
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hormones of posterior pituitary gland
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store ADH or AKA vasopressin and oxytocin.
both vasopressin and oxytocin or made in hypothalamus. |
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hormones in the adrenal medulla
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epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
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hormone made by pancreatic alpha cells
hormones made by pancreatic Beta cells |
alpha cells in pancreas--------->glucagon
beta cells in the pancreas-------->insulin |
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name hormone that raises glucose levels
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glucagon and cortisol raise glucose levels
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name hormone that lowers glucose levels
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insulin lowers glucose levels.
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aldosterone
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involved in Na+ and K+ secretion in kidney collecting duct as well as raises blood pressure and blood volume.
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cells that secrete PEPSINOGEN
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chief cells in stomach
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cells that secrete HCl and other intrinsic factor
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stomach cells called parietal cells
the intrinsic factors are for B12 absorption |
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cells that secrete Gastrin
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G cells secrete GASTRIN which stimulates HCL production from parietal cells
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cells that secrete mucous in stomach
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Mucous cells that secrete mucous in order to protect cells from HCl produced.
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which embryonic layer are responsible for molars, premolars and canines
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teeth are produced by ectoderm (outer most layer)
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which embryonic layer are responsible for muscles, connective tissue, bone, cartilage?
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Mesoderm (middle layer between ectoderm and endoderm) will give rise to notochord, muscles, bones, cartilage, bone marrow, and etc
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which embryonic layer are responsible for lining of larynx, pharynx, lungs ,trachea
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Endoderm which is inner most layer of the 3 germ layers
gives rise to INNER LINING of lungs, digestive tract, larynx ............ |
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difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts
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osteoblasts build bone while osteoclasts breaks bone down when the body needs calcium.
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PTH (parathyroid hormone)
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stimulate osteoclastic activity
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calcitonin
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tones down blood calcium level by decreasing osteoclastic activity.
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ADH
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ADH is made by hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary gland.
allows the collecting duct of kidney to be more permeable to H2O and therefore can increase blood pressure. |
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Thyroxin
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increases basal metabolic rate
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catecholamine
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example of this class is phenylephrine and norepinephrine (part of fight or flight response)
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what is inversion of chromosome referring to?
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chromosome turning around 180 degrees
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what is translocation in chromosomes
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two non homologous chromosomes interchange genes.
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aneuploidy less or more chromosomes
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aneuploidy is just nondisjunction that results in a different number of chromosomes WHETHER LESS OR MORE
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turner syndrome
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45 xsomes....they have a sex chromosome (x chromosome) missing
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down syndrome
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47 xsomes
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Kleifelders syndrome
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individuals have extra sex chromosomes
XXY XXXXY sterile and feminne males |
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what happens to corpus luteum in the case of fertilization not happening
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corpus luteum breaks down to corpus Albicans
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SA node
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this is the "pace maker" that allows hart to beat!
delivers electrical impulses that allow atrial to contract and push blood into ventricle and allow for heart beat. |
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amphoxious and tunicates
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amphioxious and tunicates represent chordates that are not vertebrates. they dont lose their notochord but other chordates do.
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cholecystokinin
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hormone made by cells of duodenum (1st part of small intestine) stimulates release of bile.
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chemoreceptors
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chemoreceptors are specialized structures in walls of arteries.
1. they detect changes in H+ and Co2 |
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increase in H+ and Co2 in body would cause
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increase in breathing rate
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increase in O2 partial pressure in blood
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decrease breathing rate.
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foreman ovale
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in fetal circulation the foramen ovale is a hole between the right and left part of heart and KEEPS BLOOD AWAY FROM RIGHT VENTRICLE IN ORDER TO ALLOW IT TO BYPASS PULMONARY CIRCULATION
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ductus arteriosus
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connection between aorta and pulminary artery TO KEEP BLOOD AWAY FROM PULMORAY CIRCULATION
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Ductus venosus
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Ductus venosus moves blood from umbilical cord to inferior vena cava and lets oxygenated blood BYPASS THE LIVER
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duodenum
what are the first macromolecules to undergo hydrolysis in digestive tract. |
most enzymatic digestive hydrolysis and processes happen in the small intestine
the first macromolecules to undergo enzymatic hydrolysis in digestive tract is carbohydrates. |
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---------and --------- are carried away from the intestine by blood stream
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amino acids and sugars are carried away from the intestine by blood stream.
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where does blood go after small intestine
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villi------>blood stream---->-liver----->heart----->body
1. villi in the small intestine absorb nutrients via lacteal 2. nutrients go into the bloodstream and then to the LIVER through the HEPATIC PORTAL VESSEL (first access 2 nutrients by body) 3. excess glucose stored in the liver... blood leaves liver and goes to the heart and then transported to the body. |
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how many turns of the TCA cycle or krebs cycle produces one molecule of glucose? where does this happen?
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2 turns of the kebs cycle produces 1 glucose+6nadh,2Fadh and 2 gtp.
the kreb cycle happens in the matrix of the mitochondria |
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where does each of the following occur
glycolysis krebs cycle etc kalvin cycle |
glycolysis is in the cytosol of mitochondria
kreb cycle is in the matrix of the mito etc is in the inner mitochondrial membrane kalvin cycle is in the stroma of chloroplast in plants |
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perituneum
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tissue that cover all the digestive organs and lines the body
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pinna
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fleshy outer portion of the external ear
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pleurae
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the thin smooth membraneous outer covering of the lungs
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alveoli
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membranes where gas exchange occur in lungs by PASSIVE DIFFUSION .
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