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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Contrast media that absorbs xray |
Radiopaque |
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CM that partially absorbs xray |
RADIOLUCENT |
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CM CHARACTERISTICS THAT IS WHITE IN APPEARANCE |
Radiopaque |
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Cm that is black in appearance |
Radiolucent |
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Positive cm |
Radiopaque |
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Negative cm |
Radiolucent |
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Barium sulfate characteristics |
1. Physiologically inert 2. Relatively cheap 3. High atomic number 4. Non absorbable |
PRHN |
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Characteristics of barium sulfate which cannot be dissolve in water |
Colloidal suspension |
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Iodinated cm classification |
1. Oil based 2. Water based ionic 3. Water based non ionic |
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Iodinated cm classification used for sialography, lymphan giography, bronchography |
Oil based |
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Iodinated cm that has adverse reactions due to high osmalarity concentration |
Water soluble ionic |
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Iodinated cm that is safe but very expensive |
Water soluble non ionic |
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4 routes of administration of cm |
1. Oral 2. Parenteral 3. Rectal 4. Intubation |
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6 parental routes of administration of cm |
1. Subcutaneous 2. Intradermal 3. Intramuscular 4. Intravenous 5. Intrathecal 6. Topical |
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Parenteral administration of cm to the skin |
Topical |
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Parenteral administration of cm in the skin |
Intradermal |
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Parenteral administration of cm deep skin |
Subcutaneous |
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Parenteral administration of cm to the muscles |
Intramuscular |
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Parenteral administration of cm to the veins |
Intravenous |
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Parenteral administration of cm to the spinal cord. Most sterile |
Intrathecal |
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4 physiological properties of cm |
1. Viscosity 2. Toxicity 3. Osmalarity 4. Miscibility/hydrofelicity |
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Physiological properties that describes resistance to flow |
Viscosity |
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Physiological properties that describes degree of chemical substance that can damage organism |
Toxicity |
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Physiological properties that describes the concentration of a solution expressed as the number of solute particles per liter |
Osmalarity |
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Physiological properties that describes ability to mix with water |
Miscibility / hydrofelicity |
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Type of medication that serves as vasopressor stimules sympathetic nervous system, increase bp relaxes smooth muscles of respiratory system |
Adrenergic |
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Examples of adrenergic medication |
Epinephrine, adrenaline |
2 |
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Medication that relieves pain |
Analgesic |
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Sample of analgesic |
Aspirin, acetaminophen/tylenol, codeine, mependine/demerol |
4 |
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Medication type that relieves cardiac arrhythmia |
Antiarrhytmic |
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Example of antiarrhyrmic medicine |
Quinidine sulfate, lidocaine / xylocaine |
2 |
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Medication that depresses parasympathetic system |
Anticholinergic |
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Example of anticholinergic |
Atrppine, scopolamine, belladonna |
3 |
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Medication that inhibits blood clotting |
Antocoagulant |
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Example of anticougulant |
Heparin, warfarin |
2 |
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Medication that relieves allergic symptoms |
Antihistamine |
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Examples of antihistamines |
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl) |
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Medication that reduces fever |
Antipyretic |
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Example of antipyretic medication |
Aspirin, acetaminophen |
2 |
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Medication that increases cardiac output |
Cardiac stimulant |
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Examples of cardiac stimulant |
Digitalis |
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Medication that serves as laxative, relieves constipation, prepares colon for diagnostic test |
Catartic |
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Examples of cathartic |
Bisacodyl / dulcolax, castor oil |
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Medication that stimulates urine |
Diuretic |
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Examples of diuretics |
Furosemide / lasix |
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Medication that stimulates vomiting |
Emetic |
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Example of emetic |
Ipecac |
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Medication that lowers blood sugar |
Hypoglycemic |
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Examples of hypoglycemic medication |
Insulin, chlorpropamide / diabinese |
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Medication which serves as sedative analgesic and can potentially be addictive |
Narcotic |
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Examples of narcotic medication |
Morphine, codeine, meperidine/demerol |
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Medication which relaxes and dilayes blood vessels by decreasing BP |
Vasodilator |
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Examples of vasodilator |
Nitroglycerine, verapamil |
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Fluoroscopy tubes operate at what mA? |
0.5-5.0; ave of 1-3 mA |
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Flouroscopoc screens are made of what materials? |
Zinc Cadmium Sulfide / patterson b2 screen , cesium iodide |
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Distance between focal spot and table top for fluoroscopy |
12" minimum distance |
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Max table top exposure |
10R/min |
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Sequence for cm examination |
1. IVU or IVP 2. GB 3. BE 4. UGIS |
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What cm procedures can be done together |
1. IVP and GB 2. IVP AND BE 3. GB AND UGIS |
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Preparation for CM examination for GB |
Iodinated cm in pills are talen evening before the scheduled exam and only water is allowed in the morning of the exam |
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Preparation for CM examination for UGIS |
npo after midnight |
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Preparation for CM examination for BE |
Cathartics and cleansing enema |
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Preparation for CM examination for IVU pr IVP |
Cleansed of gas and fecal material, NPO after midnight, empty bladder before scout |
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After care for barium sulfate examination |
1. Take milk of magnesia for evacuation of the feces. 2. Increase fiber intake 3. Drink plenty of water 4. No bowel movement after 25hrs consult physician |
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Contraindication of barium sulfate examination |
R/O visceral perfocation |
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Peritoneal cavity + barium sulfate |
Peritonitis |
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Insulin intake + npo |
Hypoglycemia |
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How many hours should metformin be discontinued after IVU? |
4hrs |
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IVU + metformin |
Acite kidney failure, acute acidosis |
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3 breathing techniques |
Valsalva Modified valsalva Mueller |
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Breathing technique that forces air against close glottis |
Valsalva |
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Breathing technique that tries to blows through the nose and can test elasticity of laryngeal pharynx |
Modified valsalva maneuver |
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Breathing technique that exhales and inhales ahainst closed glottis |
Mueller technique |
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3 types of cm |
Single contrast, double, and biphasic |
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CM examination of the abdomen - 3 position |
1. AP SUPINE 2. AP ERECT 3. LAT DECUB |
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CM examination of the abdomen - in ap supine, where is the IR centered? |
Iliac crest |
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CM examination of the abdomen - in ap supine what is the central ray |
Perpendicular to the midline at the level of the iliac crest |
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CM examination of the abdomen - in ap erect the ir is centered where |
2" above iliac crest |
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CM examination of the abdomen, in ap supine what structures are shown? |
Scout, size and shape of kidneys, liver and spleen, psoas muscles, and calcification of masses |
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CM examination of the abdomen, what position demonstrates air fluid levels both hemidiaphragms are included |
Ap erect |
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CM examination of the abdomen. What position should be used if the patient cannot assume erect position, but the air fluid levels should be visualized? |
Lat decub |
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Acute abdominal series |
1. AP recumbent 2. AP erect 3. PA chest *LLD substitute for ap erect |
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Esophagus is how many inches long |
9" |
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At what level of the vertebra can we find the esophagus |
C6 - T11 |
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The esophagus ends at? |
Esophageal orifice of the stomach |
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Four normal points of narrowness in the esophagus |
1. Carotid cartilage 2. Level of aortic knob 3. Opposite of the crossing of the left bronchus 4. Esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm |
CLOE |
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Other names of esophagography |
Barium swallow, hypaque swallow, esophagogram |
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Indications for esophagography |
1. Retro sternal discomfort or chest pain of suspected no cardiac origin 2. Symptomatic or suspected gastro esophageal reflux 3. Dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing 4. Odynophagia or painful swallowing 5. Globus or lump in the throat 6. Evaluation of masses, vascular rings, strictures or aberrant anatomy |
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Contraindications of esophagography |
Undergone recent esophageal or gastric surgery or recent trauma |
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4 positions of esophagography |
1. AP 2. Lat 3. RAO 4. LAO |
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