Radiology - Landmarks

Front 1

Will appear as a white area around the crown

Back 1

enamel

Front 2

the grayish-white area that is semi-radiopaque and forms the bulk of the tooth

Back 2

dentin

Front 3

this boundry is distinct due the different densities and opacities

Back 3

DEJ

Front 4

radiolucent (appears radiographically as a dark area)

Back 4

pulp

Front 5

normally you DON'T see this on an xray (it is very thin and has the same radiodensity and dentin)

Back 5

cementum

Front 6

thin, dark line that circumscribes the tooth)

Back 6

periodontal ligament space

Front 7

dense bone that surrounds the root; appears as a white line

Back 7

lamina dura

Front 8

continuous with the lamina dura that is the coronal most part of the alveolar process; appears radiopaque

Back 8

alveolar crest

Front 9

dense outer layer of bone; appears radiopaque; examples are inferior border of mandible, lamina dura of alveolus, alveolar crest

Back 9

cortical bone ("compact bone")

Front 10

composed of trabeculae (radiopaque) and marrow spaces (radiolucent); located between the lamina dura of adjacent teeth and multirooted teeth

Back 10

cancellous bone ("spongy" bone)

Front 11

Back 11

mylohyoid ridge

Front 12

Back 12

zygomatic process, appears as a J or U shaped radiopaque line above max molars

Front 13

Back 13

maxillary tuberosity

Front 14

Back 14

coronoid process

Front 15

Back 15

mental fossa above mental ridge in ant. mand. apex of teeth. Dark vertical lines are nutrient canals

Front 16

Back 16

nasal septum

Front 17

Back 17

Genial tubercles

Front 18

Back 18

median palatal suture

Front 19

Back 19

mandibular canal

Front 20

Back 20

cancellous bone- spongy bone

Front 21

Back 21

cortical bone

Front 22

Back 22

incisive foramen

Front 23

Back 23

superior foramena of the incisive canal appear as 2 round radiolucensies

Front 24

Back 24

floor of nasal cavity

Front 25

Back 25

median palatal suture

Front 26

Back 26

lateral fossa between lateral incisor and canine.

Front 27

Back 27

nasal cavity

Front 28

Back 28

inferior nasal conchae

Front 29

Back 29

anterior nasal spine. V shape at floor of midline of nasal cavity

Front 30

Back 30

maxillary sinus

Front 31

Back 31

zygoma

Front 32

Back 32

septa of maxillary sinus

Front 33

Back 33

inverted Y, maxillary sinus and nasal sinus

Front 34

Back 34

nutrient canals

Front 35

Back 35

Hamulus. Most patients you will not go back this far. You can also see the coronoid process.

Front 36

Back 36

mental ridge

Front 37

Back 37

mental foramen. Btwn first and second premolars,

Front 38

Back 38

external oblique ridge

Front 39

Back 39

Internal oblique ridge

Front 40

Back 40

submandibular fossa inferior to the mylohyoid ridge

Front 41

Back 41

posterior alveolar ridge

Front 42

Back 42

anterior alveolar crest

Front 43

Back 43

Figure 29-02. Normal anatomic landmarks of the maxilla and surrounding structures seen on panoramic images: 1, external auditory meatus; 2, pterygomaxillary fissure; 3, infraorbital foramen; 4, orbit; 5, anterior nasal spine; 6, nasal septum; 7, nasal conchae; 8, hard palate; 9, zygomatic process of maxilla.

Front 44

Back 44

1, glenoid fossa; 2, articular eminence; 3, maxillary tuberosity; 4, maxillary sinus; 5, zygoma

Front 45

Back 45

lateral pterygoid plate

Front 46

Back 46

: 1, condyle; 2, coronoid notch; 3, coronoid process; 4, mandibular foramen; 5, mental foramen; 6, genial tubercles; 7, styloid process.

Front 47

Back 47

1, mandibular canal; 2, hyoid; 3, internal oblique ridge; 4, angle of mandible.

Front 48

Back 48

1, inferior border of mandible; 2, submandibular fossa; 3, external oblique ridge; 4, soft tissue of ear.

Front 49

Back 49

1, palatoglossal air space; 2, nasopharyngeal air space; 3, glossopharyngeal air space.

Front 50

Back 50

Soft tissues seen on panoramic images: 1, tongue; 2, soft palate and uvula; 3, ear.