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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
xrays electromagnetic radiation travels in a straight line, the direction of which can be altered
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true
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the term radiograph is synonymous with x-ray
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false
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MPD is the maximum dose of radiation a person may rceive in a given time period
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True
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Scatter radiation can not be reduced by the collimator
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false
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A radiograph is synonymous with an xray
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false
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a small amount of air within the glass envelope is beneficial because it helps to dissipate heat.
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false
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changing the film speed is done by changing the size of the silver phosphor halide crystals.
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true
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the target is made of copper
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false
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cathode
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negatively charged electrode
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a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to visible light but with shorter wavelengths
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x-ray
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A visible photographic record on film produced by xrays passing through and object
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radiograph
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scatter depends on which of th following
the intensity of the beam the composition of the structure being radiographed kVp level all of the above |
all of the above
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which of the following increases radiographic density:
thicker body parts increased mAs increase density of the body part being radiographed decreased kVp |
increased mAs
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which of the following shoudl be used to decrease patient motion:
using short exposure times using long exposure times either will decrease patient motion as long as you increase kVp Exposure time has nothing to do with patient motion |
using short exposure times
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reducing the number of radiographs that must be retaken is advantageous because it:
reduces radiation exposure to staff reduces the potential amount of sedation necessary for the radiographic study it saves time all of the above |
all of the above
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as xrays pass through materials, they have the ability to:
cause some substances to flouresce completely remove an electron from an atom, leaving the atom positively charged cause chemical changes that can kill cells all of the above |
all of the above
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xrays with shorter wavelenths penetrate farther than xrays with longer wavelengths
true or false |
true
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on the electormagnetic spectrum, in relationship to visible light, x-rays:
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have a shorter wavelength
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veterinary patients have a tendency to move while being positioned for radiographs to be taken. the radiographer should help to safely prevent artifacts of movement by
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using the shortest exposure time possible
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xray tube ratings are based on target angle, focal spot size, electrical current, and
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anode speed
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filaments located in an xray tube are located where
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in the anode
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what is the upper limit of exposure that an occupationally exposed individual may receive according to state and federal regulations
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0.005 sv/year
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a processed film that has not been exposed to ionizing radiation or visible light will appear
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clear
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the main advantage of todays rare-earth-coated intensifying screens is
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they have a higher x-ray to light conversion efficiency
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all of the following are legally valid methods of labelling a radiograph except:
lead impregnated tape lead marker permanent marker photo imprint labeling system |
permanent marker
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unexposed silver halide crystals remaining on the film are removed at this stage
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fixing
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advantages of automated film processing include
coinsistent quality of processed radiographs, dry radiographs are produced in a short time a much smaller space is needed all of the above none of the above |
all of the above
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which of the following is not required on the label ID of a radiograph
Initials of radiographer date taken patient and owner name name and address of hospital or vet |
radiographers initials
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ways to decrease the number of personnel in the radiology suite include
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sedating patients
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the source image distance/ffd:
is directly proportional to the intensity of the xradiation must be considered each time the control panel is set changes only a fw inches between patients and is negligible most commonly ranges from 30-40 inches in vet practice |
must be considered each time the control panel is set
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the potential difference between the anode and the cathode is measured in
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Kilovolts
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radiographic contrast is determined PRIMARILY by
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kVp
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when viewing a radiograph of a laterally positioned animal where shoudl the head be
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face the viewers left with the spine at the top
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you have determined that penetration is adequate for a particular abdominal film. All abdominal structures are well outlined. However the film has an overall appearance of being too light. What should you do next
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increase mAs by 30-50%
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a throacic film is too dark. The bone tissue is relatively white, what is the next step
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decrease mAs by 50%
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which of the following are means of eliminating artifact due to motion
short exposure time. highest possible mA longer exposure time. highest possible mA physical or chemical restraint both a and c both b and c |
both a and c
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a radiograph has appropriate density and contrast, but there are black tree patterns present, Why
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static electricity from improper film handling
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which of the following can cause light exposure to the film?
a broken casette that does not close properly the film bin door is left slightly open a film box lid is left open or is damaged all of the above none of the above |
all of the above
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if the radiographer has developer on thier hands while loading or unloading the casette, what artifact might be seen
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non generalized black marks
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how would a patient be positioned to isolate the scapula as much as possible
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lateral recumbancy with affected leg closest to the cassette
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the lateral view of the elbow requires that
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the uneffected limb be pulled caudodorsally
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a radiograph of he metacarpus-phalanges requires that
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the beam be centered over the middle of the metacarpal bones
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what position shoudl the hard palate be in for a VD skull
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parallel to the table
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what poisition does the hard palate need to be in for the frontal 90 degree rostrocaudal skull view
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parallel to the table
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where would you measure for a lumbar film
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over the TL junction
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What is th edarkrooms most important feature
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taht it is light proof
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the darkroom should have adequate ventilation because
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fumes can cause film fogging, damage to electrical equipment and health problems for the staff
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cleanliness is miportant in the darkroom because
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dirt and hair from countertops can fall into casettes causing artifacts
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when should the labeling of the film take place
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either during exposure or before processing
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what is the ideal patient for developing a technique chart
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an 18kg ideal weight dog
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according to the technique chart rules, if you start out at 10cm (60kVp) what would the kVp be for a 22 cm abdomen
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86
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what should teh kVp and mAs setting be for the 3 trial exposures
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1.7, 3.3, 5 mAs, 70kVp
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what is the radiographic density relationship for kVp
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increase the kVp by 20%--- double the radiographic density
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what would teh kVp vaue for 29 cm patient using a regular variable kVp chart
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110
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what could be the cause of teh white areas on a film
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contrast medium on the patient, table or casette
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a black irregular border occuring on multiple sides of teh film is caused by
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felt damage on the casette
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increased radiographic density with poor contrast occurs when
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the film was developed with chemicals that were too hot
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visible grid lines occur because
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FFD is not being in the range of the grids focus
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the entire film being clear is caused by
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no radiation exposure
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the anodes target:
is composed of tungsten raches temps of 1000C and up usually has a copper base all of teh above none of the above |
all of teh above
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what is a possible effect of excessive heat within an xray tube
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arcing
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what is recommended to reduce unnecessary irradiation of the patient or persons restraining the patient and to decrease scatter radiation
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adjustment of the collimator so that the smallest feild size possible is used
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the advantage of using an xray machine with a three phase generator as opposed to a single phase generator include
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use of shorter exposure times because more power is available to the xray tube per unit time
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true or false
non screen film requires greater exposure |
true
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what are the appropriate storage conditions for radiographic film?
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10-15 degrees C
40% humidity verticle |
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what do grids contain that controls scatter radiation
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lead
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to prevent magnification and distortion of the object being radiographed the patient must
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be as parallel to the film as possible, and be as close to the film as possible
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the walls of the darkroom should be white or cream colored because
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more reflection of the safelight is produced, providing a more visible working environment
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what is true regarding safelights
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must be at least 4 feet from the work area
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the temp of the filament within the cathode is controlled by
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mA setting
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when does foreshortening occur
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when the obect is not parallel to the recording surface
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how is the contrast media administered for an excretory urogram
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IV
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where is the contrast media injected for a myelogram
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subarachnoid space
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where is the contrast media injected for an arthrogram
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in the joint capsule or synnovial fluid
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for a right lateral veiw of avian patients the left wings and limb are positioned cranially to the right
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false (opposite)
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the psitive contrast media is completely insoluble in the GI tract and is not absorbed by the abdomen or thorax if leakage occurs
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barium
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What do electrons travel towards?
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The anode in an x-ray tube
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As x-rays pass through materials they have the ability to do what?
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Cause some substances to fluoresce, completely remove an electron from the atom, and cause chemical changes that kill cells.
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What does the mA control?
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The amount of radiation that is produced.
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Who invented x-rays?
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Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
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What is a wavelength?
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It is the distance a wave can move in the time it takes to complete one cycle.
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What type of dosimeter can be stored for years, maintains its information, and can be reused?
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Thermo luminescent dosimeter
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Scatter depends on (3 things)
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Intensity of the beam, composition of the structure being radiographed, and kVp level.
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True or false: Animal's cells are not as susceptible to damage from irradiation as human cells.
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False
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