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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Late or long term effects of radiation exposure are generally represented by which of the following dose response curves?
A.LINEAR THRESHOLD B.LINEAR NONTHRESHOLD C.NONLINEAR THRESHOLD D.NONLINEAR NONTHRESHOLD |
B. LINEAR NONTHRESHOLD
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Sources of natural background radiation contributing to whole-body radiation dose include
1. terrestrial radionuclides 2.internal radionuclides 3. nuclear medicine A. 1 ONLY B.1 & 2 ONLY C. 2&3 ONLY D. 1,2, AND 3 |
B. 1&2 ONLY
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In radiation protection, the product of absorbed dose and the correct modifying factor (rad X QF) is used to determine
A.ROENTGEN (C/KG) B.rem(SV) C.RAD(GY) D.RADIATION QUALITY |
B.REM (Sv)
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Immature cells are referred to as:
1.undifferentiated cells 2.stem cells 3.genetic cells A. 1 ONLY B. 1 & 2 ONLY C. 1&3 ONLY D. 1,2 & 3 |
B. 1&2 ONLY
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The law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states that cells are more radiosensitive if they are
1.highly mitotic 2.undifferentiated 3.mature cells A.1 ONLY B. 1 &2 ONLY C. 2&3 ONLY D. 1,2 & 3 |
B. 1&2 ONLY
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For exposure to 1 rad of each of the following ionizing radiations, which would result in the greatest dose to the individual?
A. EXTERNAL SOURCE OF 1-MeV x-rays B. EXTERNAL SOURCE OF DIAGNOSTIC X-RAYS C.INTERNAL SOURCE OF ALPHA PARTICLES D.EXTERNAL SOURCE OF BETA PARTICLES |
C. INTERNAL SOURCE OF ALPHA PARTICLES
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Which of the following has/have been identified as sources of radon exposure?
1.indoors, in houses 2. smoking cigarettes 3. radiology departments A. 1 ONLY B. 1 & 2 ONLY C. 2 & 3 ONLY D. 1,2, AND 3 |
B. 1 & 2 ONLY
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What is likely to occur if 25 rad is accidentally delivered to a recently fertilized ovum?
A.SKELETAL ANOMALIES B.CNS ANOMALIES C.SPONTANEOUS ABORTION D. CHILDHOOD MALIGNANCY |
C. SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
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Biologic material is most sensitive to irradiation under which of the following conditions?
A. ANOXIC B. HYPOXIC C. OXYGENATED D. DEOXYGENATED |
C. OXYGENATED
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If 600 rad or more is received as a whole-body dose in a short period of time, certain symptoms will occur; these are referred to as
A. SHORT TERM EFFECTS B. LONG TERM EFFECTS C. LETHAL DOSE D. ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME |
D. ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME
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In 1906, Bergonie and Tribondeau establised their law, which states that cells are more radiosensitive if they
1. are young 2. are stem cells 3. have a low proliferation rate A. 1 ONLY B. 1 & 2 ONLY C. 2 & 3 ONLY D. 1,2 AND 3 |
B. 1 & 2 ONLY
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What is (are) the major effects of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) irradiation?
1. Malignant disease 2. Chromosome aberration 3. Cell death A. 1 ONLY B. 1 & 2 ONLY C. 2 & 3 ONLY D. 1, 2, AND 3 |
D. 1, 2 AND 3
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Which of the following is (are) composed of nondividing, differentiated cells?
1. Neurons and neuroglia 2. Epithelial tissue 3. Lympohocytes A. 1 ONLY B. 1 & 2 ONLY C. 1 & 3 ONLY D. 1, 2 & 3 |
A. 1 ONLY
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They dose of radiation that will cause a noticeable skin reaction is referred to as the
A. LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER (LET) B.SOURCE TO SKIN DISTANCE (SSD) C.SKIN ERYTHEMA DOSE (SED) D. SOURCE - IMAGE DISTANCE (SID) |
C. SKIN ERYTHEMA DOSE (SED)
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What is the relationship between LET and RBE?
A. AS LET INCREASES, RBE INCREASES B. AS LET INCREASES, RBE DECREASES C. AS LET DECREASES, RBE INCREASES D. THERE IS NO DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LET AND RBE |
A. AS LET INCREASES, RBE INCREASES
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The biologic effect on an individual is dependent on which of the following?
1. Type of tissue interaction(s) 2. Amount of interactions 3. Biologic differences A. 1 & 2 B. 1 & 3 C. 2 & 3 D. 1,2, & 3 |
D. 1, 2, &3
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LET is best defined as
1. a method of exressing radiation quality 2. a measure of the rate at which radiation energy is transferred to soft tissue 3. absorption of poylyenergetic radiation A. 1 ONLY B. 1 & 2 C. 1 & 3 D. 1,2, & 3 |
B. 1 & 2 ONLY
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Which of the following radiation induced conditions is most likely to have the longest latent period?
A. LEUKEMIA B. TEMPORARY INFERTILITY C. ERYTHEMA D. ACUTE RADIATION LETHALITY |
A. LEUKEMIA
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The dose response curve that appears to be valid for genetic and some somatic effects is the
1. linear 2. nonlinear 3. nonthreshold A. 1 ONLY B. 1 & 3 C. 2 & 3 D. 1,2, & 3 |
B. 1 & 3 ONLY
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Which of the following factors can affect the amount or the nature of radiation damage to biologic tissue?
1. Radiation quality 2. Absorbed dose 3. Size of irradiated area A. 1 ONLY B. 2 ONLY C. 1&2 D. 1, 2, & 3 |
D. 1, 2, AND 3
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Stochastic effects of radiation are those that
1. have a threshold 2. may be described as all or nothing effects 3. are late effects A. 1 ONLY B. 1 AND 2 C. 2 AND 3 D. 1, 2, AND 3 |
C. 2 AND 3
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Late effects of radiation, whose incidence is dose related and for which there is no threshold dose, are referred to as
A. NONSTOCHASTIC B. STOCHASTIC C. CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION D. HEMATOLOGIC DEPRESSION |
B. STOCHASTIC
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Whic of the following cells are the most radiosensitive?
A. MYELOCYTES B. ERTHROBLASTS C. MEGAKARYOCYTES D. MYOCYTES |
B. ERYTHROBLASTS
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According to the NCRP, the annual occupational whole-body dose equivalent limit is
A. 1 mSv B. 50 mSv C. 150 mSv D. 500 mSv |
B. 50 mSv
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What is the annual dose-equivalent limit for the skin and hands of an occupationally exposed individual?
A. 5 rem B. 25 rem C. 50 rem D. 100 rem |
C. 50 rem
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What is the annual TEDE limit for radiation workers?
A. 5000 rem B. 500 rem C. 5000 mrem D. 50 mrem |
C. 5000 mrem
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Which of the following radiation exposure responses exhibit a nonlinear threshold dose-response relationship?
A. SKIN ERYTHEMA B. HEMATOLOGIC DEPRESSION C. LETHALITY A. 1 ONLY B. 1 AND 2 C. 2 AND 3 D. 1, 2 AND 3 |
D. 1,2 AND 3
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The skin response to radiation exposure, which appears as reddening of the irradiated skin area, is known as
A. dry desquamation B. moist desquamation C. erythema (radiodermititis) D. epilation |
C. erythema (radiodermititis)
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How do fractionation and protraction affect radiation dose-effects?
1. They reduce the effect of radiation exposure 2. They permit cellular repair 3. They allow tissue recovery A. 1 ONLY B. 1 & 2 ONLY C. 2 & 3 D. 1, 2, & 3 |
D. 1, 2, & 3
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Somatic effects resulting from radiation exposure can
1. have possible consequences on the exposed individual 2. have possible consequences on future generations 3. cause temporary infertility A. 1 ONLY B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3 |
B. 1 and 3
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What is used to account for the differences in tissue sensitivity to ionizing radiation when determining effective dose (E)?
1. Tissue weighting factors (Wt) 2. Radiation weighting factors (Wr) 3. Absorbed dose A. 1 ONLY B. 1 and 2 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3 |
A. 1 only
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The rad is the unit of
A. RADIATION DOSE B. EXPOSURE C. DOSE EQUIVALENT D. IONIZATION IN AIR |
A. RADIATION DOSE
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Which of the following is the unit of absorbed radiation dose?
A. RAD B. REM C. RBE D. ROENTGEN |
A. RAD
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Which of the following would be considered natural background radiation?
A. X RAYS B. COSMIC RAYS C. ALPHA RAYS D. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
B. COSMIC RAYS
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The allowable radiation dosage that is not expected to cause damage to an individual is called what?
A. PARTICULATE DOSE B. WHOLE BODY DOSE C. GENETICALLY SIGNIFICANT DOSE D. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE |
D MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE
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What do the letters LET stand for
A. LETHAL EFFECTIVE TOLERANCE B. LETHAL EXCHANGE TABLE C. LINEAR ENERGY TRANSMUTATION D. LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER |
D. LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER
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Which of the following refers to the fact that different types of radiation have different effects?
A. R B. RAD C. REM D. RBE |
D. RBE
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A measure of the number of ion pairs produced in air by quantity of X rays defines which of these?
A. RAD B. REM C. JOULE D. ROENTGEN |
D. ROENTGEN
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Which of these is a measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from radiation to soft tissue?
A. RAD B. ERG C. LET D. RBE |
C. LET
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In measuring radiation effect, what does lethal dose 50 mean?
A. A dose where 50% of a group dies B. 50 RADs will kill a person C. The group will die 50% of the time D. The group will die in 50 days |
A. A dose where 50% of a group dies
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What does lethal dose 50/30 mean?
A. 30 people out of 50 will die B. 50 people will die within 30 minutes C. 30 RADs will kill half of the group D. 50% of the group dies within 30 days |
D. 50% of the group dies withing 30 days
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Which of the following is a possible long-term somatic effect of ionizing radiation?
A. LIFE SPAN SHORTENING B. MALIGNANT NEOPLASM C. BLOOD DEFICIENCIES D. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Somatic effects of radiation refer to effects that are manifested
A. in the descendants of the exposed individual. B. during the life of the exposed individual. C. in the exposed individual and his or her descendants. D. in the reproductive cells of the exposed individual. |
B. DURING THE LIFE OF THE EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL
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Sources of natural background radiation exposure include
1. the food we eat 2. air travel 3. medical and dental x rays A. 1 ONLY B. 1 AND 2 C. 2 AND 3 D. 1, 2 AND 3 |
B. 1 AND 2
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Diagnostic x-radiation may be described as
A. LOW ENERGY, LOW LET B. LOW ENERGY, HIGH LET C. HIGH ENERGY, LOW LET D. HIGH ENERGY, HIGH LET |
A. LOW ENERGY, LOW LET
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Which of the following are considered especially radiosensitive tissues?
1. Blood forming organs 2. Reproductive organs 3. Lymphocytes A. 1 ONLY B. 1 AND 2 C. 2 AND 3 D. 1, 2, AND 3 |
D. 1, 2 AND 3
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The purpose of filters in a film badge is
A. To eliminate harmful rays B. to measure radiation quality C. to prevent exposure by alpha particles D. as a support for the film contained within |
B. to measure radiation quality
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The unit of measurement used to express occupational exposure is the
A. roentgen (C/kg) B. rad (Gy) C. rem (Sv) D. relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) |
C. rem (Sv)
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The unit of absorbed dose is the
A. roentgen (C/kg) B. rad (Gy) C. rem (Sv) D. RBE |
B. rad (Gy)
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What unit of measurement expresses the amount of energy deposited in tissue?
A. roentgen (C/kg) B. rad (Gy) C. rem (Sv) D. RBE |
B. rad (Gy)
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The rad may be described as
A. disintegrations per second. B. ions produced in air. C. energy deposited in an absorber. D. biologic effects. |
C. Energy deposited in an absorber
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Which of the following is a measurement of dose to biologic tissue?
A. Roentgen (C/kg) B. Rad (Gy) C. Rem (Sv) D. RBE |
C. Rem (Sv)
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The NCRP recommends an annual effective occupational dose equivalent limit of
A. 2.5 rem (25mSv) B. 5 rem (50 msv) C. 10 rem (100 msv) D 20 rem (200 msv) |
B. 5 rem (50 mSv)
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The term effective dose refers to
A. whole body dose B. localized organ dose C. genetic effects D. somatic and genetic effects |
A. Whole body dose
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The person responsible for ascertaining that all radiation guidelines are adhered to and that personnel understand and employ radiation safety measures is the
A. radiology department manager. B. radiation safety officer. C. chief radiologist. D. chief technologist. |
B. Radiation safety officer
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A student radiographer who is under 18 years of age must not receive an annual occupational dose greater than
A. 0.1 rem (1mSv) B. 0.5 rem (5 mSv) C. 5 rem (50 mSv) D. 10 rem (100 mSv) |
A. 0.1 rem (1 mSv)
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Linear energy transfer (LET) may be best described as
A. the amount of energy delivered per distance traveled in tissue. B. the unit of absorbed dose. C. radiation equivalent man. D. radiation absorbed dose. |
A. the amount of energy delivered per distance traveled in tissue
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The late effects of radiation are considered to
1. have no threshold dose. 2. be directly related to dose. 3. occur within hours of exposure. A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 |
B. 1 and 2
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The radiation dose to an individual is dependent on which of the following?
1. Type of tissue interaction(s) 2. Quantity of radiation 3. Biologic differences A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 |
D. 1, 2 and 3
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Which of the following is (are) considered long-term somatic effect(s) of exposure to ionizing radiation?
1. Life-span shortening 2. Carcinogenesis 3. Cataractogenesis A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 |
D. 1, 2 and 3
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The roentgen, as a unit of measurement, expresses
A. absorbed dose. B. exposure in air. C. dose equivalent. D. dose to biologic material. |
B. exposure in air
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Stochastic effects of radiation include
A. blood changes. B. genetic alterations. C. cataractogenesis. D. reduced fertility. |
B. genetic alterations
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Which of the following is the unit of exposure dose of gamma or X rays?
A. RAD B. REM C. RBE D. Roentgen |
D. Roentgen
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Which of the following describes the ratio of radiation dose required to cause a specific response in a cell in an oxygen deprived environment to the radiation dose required to cause the same response of the cell in a oxygen rich environment?
A. Oxygen dose response ratio B. Oxygen enhancement ratio C. Oxygen threshold ratio D. Oxygen excitement regulation |
B. Oxygen enhancement ratio
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With a dose from a low LET, what is produced that causes the damage?
A. Ion B. Photon C. Free radical D. Free Willey |
C. Free radical
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