Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
boundaries of the abdomen
|
between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet
|
|
where does the omental bursa lie?
|
directly posterior to the liver and stomach
|
|
level of the renal arteries
|
between L1 and L2
|
|
artery preventing a horseshoe kidney from rising?
|
inferior messenteric artery
|
|
ennervation of abdominal viscera is by way of?
|
Vagus and splanchnic nerves
|
|
Origin and insertion of psoas major muscle
|
lumbar vertebrae T12-L5 to the lesser trochanter of femur
|
|
this test is performed to test for an inflammed appendix
|
the iliopsoas test
|
|
where does the abdominal aorta begin and end?
|
T12-L4
|
|
this is sometimes called a “Flat Plate”
|
KUB
Kidneys Ureter Bladder |
|
what's the first thing to look for on a Flat Plate
|
the bowel-gas pattern
|
|
what are some organs visible due to the surrounding fat
|
Liver - posterior margin
Spleen - often visible Kidneys - outlines may not be seen in entirety because of overlying gas and stool Psoas muscles - margins usually visible but may not be seen in entirety |
|
when do you order a KUB
|
Bowel obstruction - abnormal gas pattern
Free air - abnormal gas pattern Abscess - abnormal gas pattern Calculi or other abnormal intra-abdominal calcifications Radiopaque foreign bodies |
|
how would a mechanical small bowel obstruction look on an X-ray
|
gas is seen b4 the obstruction; no gas or very little distal to obstruction.
A ladder-like arrangement of dilated small bowel loops, also termed a "stacked coin" appearance. |
|
describe an adynamic ileus
|
increased gas throughout the Gl tract
|
|
is a pneumoperitoneum ever normal?
|
Yes, in post op patients or patients on peritoneal dialysis
|
|
Why does an abscess have gas?
|
There are gas forming bacteria present.
|
|
what is emphysematous pyelonephritis?
|
air in the perirenal space due to bacteria destroying the kidney
|
|
what is leiomyoma
|
uterine fibroid
|
|
what are gallstones principaly comprised of?
|
cholesterol and lecithin;
only 10-15% of gallstones have enought calcium to be seen by a Flat Plate |
|
what are two parts of the GI that cannot be viewed by an endoscope?
|
Jejunum and ileum; for this, use a capsule endoscope(camera that you swallow)
|
|
what is Crohn's disease?
|
inflammation of the bowel wall; becomes thickened, fibrotic, and strictured. The mucosal surface may develop "cobblestoning" related to edema with linear ulcerations. Deep fissures can develop and result in microperforations and the formation of fistulous tracts. The disease may be continuous, but often has "skip" lesions with normal segments of intervening intestine. The mesentery can become infiltrated with fat, known as "creeping fat."
|
|
Best test for abdominal symptoms
|
CT
|
|
Are MRIs used for bowel studies?
|
No, not very good
|
|
best test for GI bleed
|
Nuclear medicine
|
|
Best studies for the colon
|
BE
Air contrast BE CT |
|
best studies for small bowel
|
small bowel follow through
enteroclysis-barium injected into duodenum |
|
this scan helps evaluate the function of the gallbladder and the bile ducts
|
HIDA - hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan;
Used to DX: Obstruction of the bile ducts due to gallstones or rarely, tumors Diseases of the gallbladder Bile leaks |
|
cause of a pneumoperitoneum
|
perforated bowel
|
|
an X-ray showing air-fluid levels is most likely?
|
bowel obstruction
|
|
an obstruction due to colon carcinoma is called?
|
apple core
|
|
what do you think of when you see these symptoms:
jaundice fever RUQ pain |
Charcot's Triad, used to DX ascending cholangitis
|
|
a radiographic finding on BE of volvulus; a funnel-like narrowing
|
Birds beak
|
|
best test to detect kidney and gallbladder stones
|
ultrasound
|
|
the first line for detecting solid organ injury after trauma
|
CT scan
|
|
causes of colon obstruction
|
Diverticulitis
Volvulus carcinoma |
|
best test if you suspect SBO
|
KUB
|
|
test of choice for an abdominal abscess
|
CT with contrast
|
|
how do you Dx acute gastritis
|
Clinical Hx and presence of diarrhea. Recommended procedure is sigmoidoscopy if blood is present in stool
|
|
test for a suspected bile leak
|
nuclear medicine
|