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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the essential items that are necessary for a darkroom?
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View box
Processing tanks Hot and cold water Utility sink Stirring paddles Timer Stainless steal or glass thermometer Film hangers Drying racks |
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Explain the coin test
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-Lights off
-Unwrap unexposed film -Place coin on film -Safe light for 4 minutes -Process -If outline appears then safelight is not good |
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Where should the safe light be located and what size should it be?
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-At least 4 feet above working surface
-At least 4x 4 |
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What are the steps for duplicating x-rays?
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-Open cover
-Turn safe light on -Set timer to 3 seconds -Check that indicator and ultraviolet light come on -Place x-rays on platen -Shut off lights -Place film on top of x-rays -Close cover and turn off safelight -Press button with green dot -Remove film and place in cassette |
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Which type of film is more sensitive to light?
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Duplicating film
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What are processing tanks made of?
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Rubber, plastic, or stainless steal
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What are the purpose of stirring rods?
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To stir the chemicals
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How often should soultions be changes?
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3-4 weeks depending on the work load
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What solution is alkaline based?
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Developers solution
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What happens to the nonexposed silver halide crystals after the film is in the developing solution?
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The remain there
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What are the components of the developing solution?
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-Hydroquinone
-Sodium Sulfite -Elon -Sodium Carbonate -Potassium Bromide -Distilled water |
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What is the activator and what does it do?
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-Sodium carbonate
-Provides alkaline necessary for developing |
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What is the preservative in the developing solution and what does it do?
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-Sodium Sulfite
-Protects the developing agents by slowing the rapid oxidation rate and spoilage of solution |
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What is the restrainer in the developing solution and what does it do?
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-Potassium Bromide
-Slows process -Prevents the development of unexposed sliver halide crystals -Prevents the tendency of the solution to chemically fog the film |
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What does distilled water do?
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Its used to mix concentrates
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Which solution is acid based?
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Fixer
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What does the fixer do?
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-Stop further development
-Removes underdeveloped silver halide crystals -Hardens the emulsion |
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What are the components of the fixer?
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-Sodium Thiosulfate/Ammonium Thiosulfate
-Sodium Sulfite -Potassium Alum -Acetic Acid -Distilled water |
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What does Sodium Thiosulfate/Ammonium Thiosulfate do?
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Removes unexposed crystals and underdeveloped crystals from emulsion
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What does Sodium Sulfite do?
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Slows rate of oxidation
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What does Potassium Alum do?
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Shrinks and hardens emulsion
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What does Acetic Acid do?
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Stops the developing action and neutralizes the alkaline of the developer
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What is the set up of processing tanks?
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Developer - Water - Fixer
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What accessories are needed for processing?
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-Films
-Film rack -Pencil -Stirs -Thermo-meter -Film hangers -Drying rack |
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What are the key dircetional components of caring for the chemical solutions?
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-Should be changed every 3-4 weeks
-Developer exhaustion: when a film is light and has a thin image -Fixer exhaustion: film is not cleared in 3 minutes |
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What are the fundamentals of processing?
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Development, rinsing, fixation, washing, and drying
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What effect does the developer have on the silver halide crystals?
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Reduced the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver grains
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What does the fixer do to the silver halide crystals?
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Removes the underdeveloped silver halide cryatals from the film emulsion
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What are the solutions that are common to both the developer and the fixer?
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Distilled water and sodium sulfite
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What is the ideal time and temperature for developing?
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68 degrees for 4 1/2 minutes
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What happens when the temperature falls below 60 degrees F?
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-Films will be too light
-Hydroquinone is inactive |
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What happens when the temperature is above 80 degrees F?
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Films will be too dark
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What is called sight development and what are the disadvantages?
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It is subjective and not consistent
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What is a wet reading and when can it be done?
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Reading done from the fixer after 3 minutes
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What is rapid processing?
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Processes small intraoral film with high temperatures with short developing times
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How long is the film processed for with rapid processing?
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30 seconds
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How long is the film in the developer, water, and fixer?
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developer - 2.5 to 6 minutes
water - 20 seconds fixer - Double the developer time 10 minutes is accptable |
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What is hot processing used for?
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Endo and oral surgery - short developing time
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What must be done after hot processing to avoid brown films and fading?
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They must be retried for atleast 7 more minutes
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What are the advantages to automatic processing?
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Save time, space, and is more convenient
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What is the sequence for the automatic processor?
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-Development
-Rinsing -Fixation -Washing -Drying |
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What is the necessary maintenance of the automatic processor?
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-20 minute warm up time
-Large film needs to be run through each day to clean rollers -Rollers must be removed weekly and cleaned in warm water |
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What is quality assurance?
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Procedures to assure high quailty rediographs with maximum diagnostic information
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What does the state inspect periodically?
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-Beam alignment
-Collimation -Filtration -Output -Timer -Tubehead |
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What is the Dental Radiographic Normalizing and Monitoring Device adn what does it do?
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.
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What is duplicating x-rays?
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Required for insurance, referral, and legal purposes
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