Chapter 1 - 3 Patient Care Powerpoint

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Electromagnetic energy

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A form of energy that can be reflected or emitted from objects through electrical or magnetic waves traveling through space.

gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, microwaves, radio waves and infrared radiation

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Radiation

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Energy transmitted by waves through space or through a medium

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energy

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Compacity to operate or work

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Ionization

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Any process by which a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, thus acquiring a net charge

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X-ray

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Electromagnetic radiation of short wavelengths that is produced when electrons moving at a high velocity are suddenly stopped. Also known as Roentgen Ray

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Radiography

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Making of Records (radiographs) of internal structures of the body by passing x-rays or gamma rays through the body to act on specially sensitized film or an Imaging plate or system

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Radiology

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Branch of Health Sciences dealing with radioactive substances and radiant energy and with the diagnosis and treatment of disease by means of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

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18th century

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Surgery was becoming an experimental science.

Reforms in mental health.

Edward Jenner introduced the smallpox vaccine.

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19th century

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Koch discovered bacteria caused many infections.

Theory that germs cause disease.Koch discovered bacteria caused many infections.Florence Nightingale developed the foundations of modern nursing.Wilhelm Rontgen discovered x-rays

Florence Nightingale developed the foundations of modern nursing.

Wilhelm Rontgen discovered x-rays

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20th century

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Discovery of the first antibiotics such as penicillin.

Increased use of chemotherapy.

Better understanding of the immune system with development of more vaccines.

Increased understanding of the endocrine system

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1953 Francis Crick and James Watson

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Identified the molecular structure of DNA, a key to heredity and genetics

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Wilhelm Röntgen

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Began the field of radiologic technology on November 8th, 1895.

A German physicist, experimenting with cathode rays and their properties outside glass tubes.

Saw the first radiographic image of his own skeleton

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Crooked tube

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Developed by William Crooks , and was a large, partially evacuated glass tube that encompassed a cathode and an anode attached to an electrical supply

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Wilhelm Röntgen

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Submitted his first report titled on a new kind of raised. He identify the properties of X-rays, and was so thorough that no significant additions have been made to his work.

In 1901 he was honored with the first Nobel Prize in physics and refused to patent any part of his discovery

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Radiologic technologist (RT)

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General term applied to an individual who performs radiographic, radiation therapy, or nuclear medicine technology.

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Radiologist

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Physician who specializes in the use of X-rays and other forms of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

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Cardiovascular Interventional technology (CVIT)

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Radiologic procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system

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Mammography (M)

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Radiography of the breast

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Radiologist assistant

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An advanced level radiographer who extends the capacity of the radiologist in the diagnostic imaging environment, thereby enhancing patient care

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Nuclear medicine technology (N)

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Branch of radiology that involves the introduction of radioactive substances into the body for both Diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

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Positron emission tomography (PET)

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The creation of sectional images of the body that demonstrate the physiologic functions of various organs and systems

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radiation therapy

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Branch of radiology involved in the treatment of disease by means of x-rays or radioactive substances

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Radiation therapist (T)

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A person who administers radiation treatments to patients according to the prescription and instruction of a physician, known as a radiation oncologist

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Bone Densitometry (BD)

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Measurement of bone density using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) to detect osteoporosis

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Osteoporosis

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The gradual loss of calcium, causing bones to become thin, fragile, and prone to fracture

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Computed Tomography (CT)

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Recording a predetermined plane in the body using an x-ray beam that is measured, recorded, and then processed by a computer for display on a monitor.This technology allows Physicians to visualize patient anatomy in various sectional planes

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Diagnostic medical sonography (S)

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Visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of pulses of ultrasound waves or high-frequency sound waves directed into the tissue.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MR)

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Process of using a magnetic field and radio frequencies to create sectional images of the body like CT, this advanced technology uses highly specialized equipment and require specialized education

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Additional opportunities education

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Individuals interested in teaching can find opportunities in hospitals and colleges in careers such as clinical instructors, institutional faculty member, clinical coordinator, and program director

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Administration

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Individuals interested in management of the Radiology services in a given facility. Upper management positions such as Chief technologist , Radiology manager administrator

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Commercial firms

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Individuals interested in working with commercial companies involved in selling X-ray equipment, image receptor systems and related x-ray supplies

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Medicine and osteopathy

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Physicians are primary care providers who promote the Optimal Health of their patients and who provide for patient care during an illness

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Medical doctor

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MD's generally complete a bachelor's degree with science major and then complete four years of medical school

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Doctor of osteopathy (DO)

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Have similar education's as MD's, but in addition are taught to do manipulations of muscles and bone as part of the healing process

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Anesthesiology

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Study of the use of medication to cause loss of sedation during surgery

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Cardiology

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Study of diseases of the cardiovascular system

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Family Practice

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Study of diseases in patients of all ages

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Geriatrics

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Study of diseases of older adults

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Gynecology

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Study of diseases of the female reproductive system

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Internal Medicine

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Study of diseases of the internal organs of the chest and abdomen

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Neurology

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Study of diseases of the brain and nervous system

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Obstetrics

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Study of pregnancy and childbirth

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Oncology

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Study of the treatment of tumors

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Orthopedics

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Study of diseases of muscle and bones

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Pediatrics

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Study of diseases in children

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Radiology

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Study of the use of X-rays and radioactive substances to diagnose and treat disease

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Surgery

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Study of the use of operative procedures to treat diseases

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Urology

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Study of diseases of the urinary system

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Nursing

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Provides direct patient care, typically under the direction of Physicians. Like Physicians they often choose to work in specialty areas

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Diagnostic services

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Healthcare workers and diagnostic service areas perform tests or evaluations that Aid the physicians in determining the presence or absence of a disease or condition.

Cardiovascular technologist

Clinical Laboratory scientist / medical technologist

Radiologic technologist

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Therapeutic services

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Provide services designed to help patients overcome some form of physical or physiological disability. examples include

occupational therapist

physical therapist

radiation therapist

respiratory therapist

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Health Information Services

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Careers that are responsible for the management of health information, such as patient health records. These careers do not involve direct patient contact but are essential to the effective operation of any Healthcare facility

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Accreditation

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Voluntary peer review process through which an agency grants recognition to an institution for a program of study that need specific criteria

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Sponsoring organization

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Professional Organization that appoints members to a joint Review Committee board

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Joint Review Committee (JRC)

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Group of persons appointed by sponsoring organizations to oversee the accreditation process

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Essentials, guidelines and standards

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Document specifying the minimum quality standards for the accreditation of an educational program as approved by the appropriate joint Review Committee sponsors

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Certification

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Voluntary process through which an agency grants recognition to an individual on demonstration, usually by examination

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Registry

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List of individuals holding certification in a particular profession

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Joint Review Committee on education in radiologic technology

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JRCERT

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ARRT (American Registry of Radiologic Technologist)

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offers voluntary certification through examination to Ellaville candidates in the radiologic Technology field

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State Licensing agencies

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Requirements to practice the radiologic professions vary from state to state

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Licensure

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Process by which a governmental agency grants permission to individuals to practice their profession

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ASRT (American Society of Radiologic Technologists)

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goals are to advance the professions of radiologic technology and imaging Specialties, to maintain high standards of Education, to enhance the quality of patient care, and to further the welfare and socio-economics of RTs

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Stress

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Tim and on time, energy, and resources with an element of threat

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Fight or flight response

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Psychologic response resulting from anger and fear and triggered by a real or imagined threat

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Stressors

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Events, both real and imagined, that increase feelings of anxiety

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Change

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For most people , major life events are stressful and in some cases overwhelming

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Hassles

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Unexpected changes or events, usually described as minor

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Uplift

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Planned positive activities to balance household

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Language

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When someone is in period of great, their words often clearly Express their fears and frustrations felt. These Expressions May alarm others, and they alter an individual's feelings of frustration

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Out of control language

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Words or phrases that Express a lack of control over a situation

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In control language

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Statements that reflect an attitude of choice and evoke positive feelings

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Worry

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Time and energy spent concern for things over which we have little or no control.

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Time management

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Practice of self-management related to how time is used

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Buffers

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Activities that decrease the negative effects of stress but do not change the stressors

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Exercise

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Exercise aerobically 3 to 5 times per week for minimum of 30 minutes as a buffer to the chemicals produced in the body as a result of the fight or flight response

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Nutrition

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Eat three nutritionally balanced meals each day to replace vitamins and minerals lost through

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Visualization and meditation

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Regularly practice visualization or some form of meditation and utilize school and Community Resources

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American Society of Radiologic Technologists

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ASRT

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American Registry of Radiologic Technologist

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ARRT

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Three buffers used to to reduce stress

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Exercise

Nutrition

Visualization and meditation

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Four steps in practicing self management

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1. Know yourself.

2. Prioritize responsibilities.

3. Prioritize activities.

4.Plan for self-care

Front 83

Review material soon after it is introduced.

Use as many senses as possible.

Plan a regular study schedule.

Study in a group.

Attitude helps remembering

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Study techniques