Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which tissue type “lines and covers” and would be at risk in GI system exposure?
a. epithelial b. nervous c. muscle d. connective |
a. epithelial
|
|
|
In order to produce a/an ___ effect, the dose received must be substantial to the whole body.
a. early b. late |
a. early
|
|
|
As the radiation dose increases, the average time between exposure and death decreases. This is known as:
a. mean survival time b. early effect c. late effect d. protraction |
a. mean survival time
|
|
|
Hematologic death usually results from all of the following except:
a. generalized infection b. electrolyte imbalance c. fluid retention d. dehydration |
c. fluid retention
|
|
|
Which of the following cells would develop from a pluripotential stem cell?
a. lymphocytes b. granulocytes c. thrombocytes d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
|
|
|
___ are the most radiosensitive blood cells in the human because they have the shortest life span of
all blood cells. Exposures as low as 10 rad can depress the number of these cells in the circulating blood. a. RBC b. Thrombocyte c. Lymphocyte d. Osteocyte |
c. Lymphocyte
|
|
|
Which patient type is more likely to survive a high dose of radiation?
a. an elderly, unhealthy individual b. a young, athletic, healthy adult individual |
b. a young, athletic, healthy adult individual
|
|
|
Related to the LD 50/60:
a. lethal dose of radiation to the whole body b. 50% of irradiated subjects c. death will occur within 60 days d. all of the above relate |
d. all of the above relate
|
|
|
Which of the following is a functionally mature germ cell?
a. sperm b. spermatogonia c. spermatocyte d. spermatid |
a. sperm
|
|
|
The period of __ illness is that time frame where no visible symptoms of acute radiation syndrome are present and it seems that the "worst is over".
a. prodromal b. latent c. manifest d. acute radiation syndrome |
b. latent
|
|
|
At what age is the ovary considered the most radiosensitive?
a. Fetal life and early childhood b. Age range of 20 – 30 years c. During aging d. There is no differentiation based on age |
a. Fetal life and early childhood
|
|
|
Which of the following is not a symptom of early radiation sickness (acute radiation syndrome)?
a. nausea b. vomiting c. diarrhea d. leukopenia e. leukogenesis |
e. leukogenesis
|
|
|
Which of the following relates to “deterministic radiation responses”?
a. early radiation effects b. exhibit increasing severity with increasing radiation dose c. dose threshold d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
|
|
|
Human (acute) radiation lethality follows a ___ dose-response relationship.
a. linear, quadratic b. linear, nonthreshold c. linear, threshold d. nonlinear, nonthreshold e. nonlinear, threshold |
e. nonlinear, threshold
|
|
|
Depletion of red blood cells as a result of radiation exposure could result in __.
a. anemia b. leukemia |
a. anemia
|
|
|
Radiation exposure sufficient to cause a decrease in the number of platelets (thrombocytes) in the circulating blood could leave the patient susceptible to ___.
a. stroke b. cardiac arrest c. hemorrhage d. clotting |
c. hemorrhage
|
|
|
At doses that would produce CNS damage, the hematologic and gastrointestinal syndromes will manifest along with the CNS syndrome.
a. True b. False |
b. False
|
|
|
As radiation dose increase, the time between exposure and death ___.
a. decreases b. increases |
a. decreases
|
|
|
Examples of local tissues that can be affected immediately after radiation exposure include:
a. skin b. gonads c. bone marrow d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
|
|
|
Three days after receiving a dose of 1000 rads (10 Gy), physiologic alterations in the small intestine include all of the following except:
a. crypt cell death b. diarrhea c. leakage of proteins from the intestinal lumen d. loss of electrolytes and water e. epilation |
e. epilation
|
|
|
Stem cells in the lowest layer of the skin that mature as they slowly migrate to the surface of the epidermis.
Radiation damage may result in skin cancer. a. granular b. basal c. carotene d. karotine |
b. basal
|
|
|
SED is most closely related to:
a. sparing exposure delivery b. skin erythema dose c. severe epilation disorder d. severe exposure death |
b. skin erythema dose
|
|
|
Effect of cell death, resulting in reduction in size of tissue or organ; may be used as palliative treatment in radiation therapy.
a. atrophy b. dystrophy c. hypertrophy d. hypotrophy |
a. atrophy
|
|
|
Which is considered to be most significant for latent human damage?
a. single hit chromosome b. multihit chromosome |
b. multihit chromosome
|
|
|
Injury to the basal cells is the earliest manifestation of radiation injury to the skin. What is considered to
be the “clinical tolerance” for radiation therapy? a. erythema b. desquamation c. moist desquamation d. epilation |
c. moist desquamation
|
|
|
Single hit chromosome aberrations include all of the following except:
a. chromatid breaks b. chromosome arm missing genetic information c. chromatid fragment d. rings |
d. rings
|
|
|
Of the multihit (more than one hit) chromosome aberrations, which requires a karyotypic analysis for detection?
a. ring b. dicentric c. reciprocal translocations d. all require karyotypic analysis |
c. reciprocal translocations
|
|
|
Single hit aberrations are produced with a linear, nonthreshold dose response relationship;
multi hit aberrations are produced with a ___, nonthreshold relationship. a. linear b. nonlinear |
b. nonlinear
|
|
|
Which term is associated with the study of the genetics of cells, particularly cell chromosomes?
a. gametogenesis b. cytogenetics |
b. cytogenetics
|
|
|
A chromosomal karyotype is:
a. a description of the radiation response b. a point mutation c. an analysis of chromosome fragments d. an orderly map of chromosomes e. unrestrained growth of chromosomes |
d. an orderly map of chromosomes
|
|
|
Which two cells lines are the most radiosensitive?
a. spermatogonia, lymphocytes b. spermatogonia, oogonia c. lymphocytes, erythrocytes d. oogonia, crypt |
a. spermatogonia, lymphocytes
|
|
|
Which of the following is considered to be an early response to radiation exposure?
a. cataracts b. leukemia c. shortened life span d. cytogenetic damage |
d. cytogenetic damage
|
