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52 Cards in this Set

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Osteochondrosis
Osteochondritis Dissecans
• Usually around 6-9 months old
• Large breed, rapidly growing dogs
• Often BILATERAL
• Most common in caudal humeral head
• Also femoral condyle, talus
• Flattening or concave defect of articular bone surface, surrounding sclerosis
• Adjacent mineral body in joint (OCD)- osteochondral fragment
Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process
• #1 in young, large breed forelimb
• Cranial margin of ulna indistinct close to the joint space
• Osteophytes
• May see fragment
• May see osteochondrosis of humeral condyle
o Concave defect
o Sclerosis of bone adjacent to ulnar notch
Ununited Anconeal Process
• Should be united by 6 months
• See broken process
Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
• Adolescent toy and small breed dogs
• Damaged blood supply to femoral head causes bone necrosis
• Usually unilateral, can be bilateral
• Small, misshapen
• Heterogenous opacity- necrosis and remodeling
• May have mineralized chip- “joint mouse”
Canine Panosteitis
• Large breed, especially German Shepherds and Basset Hounds
• Long bones, usually big ones
• Circumscribed areas of increased opacity in diaphyseal medullary cavity
• Often near nutrient foramen; progresses from around this area
• Smooth new periosteal bone
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD)
• Systemic disease
• Large and giant breeds
• Onset around 4 months old
• Self-limiting; no specific Tx
• Good examples: distal radius and ulna
• Almost always BILATERAL
• Hallmark sign: transverse radiolucent lines in metaphysis
• Metaphysis flaring or irregular new bone
• Periosteum lifting off of bone- probably necrosis and pus underneath
• When chronic- harder to see lines, heal on own, just hope no limb angular deformities
Craniomandibular Osteopathy
• Terriers, bulldogs
• 3-8 months old
• Heritable component
• Self-limiting, ends at maturity
• Painful, disfiguring
• Irregular osseous proliferation on mandible, TMJ, bullae, occasionally calvarium
Hyperparathyroidism/ Metabolic Bone Disease
• Typically primary- adenoma of parathyroid gland in old dogs
• Can be nutritional or renal
• Generalized increase in bone opacity
• Thin bone cortices
• Loss of lamina dura around teeth roots
• Pathologic fractures
• Spinal deformities
OC/OCD
failure of endochondral ossification
-articular cartilage and subchondral bone
Osteochondrosis
flattening/defect and subchondral lucency
OCD caudal humeral head
flattening and thin fragment
OCD caudal humeral head
flattening and thin fragment
OC Caudal humeral head
subchondral lucency
OC Femoral Condyle
Flattening of condyle
subchondral lucency
OC femoral condyle
subchondral defect with ovoid fragment
OCD talus
medial trochlear ridge
OCD talus
widening jt space
fragment
OCD talus
______ view
flexed DorsoPalmar View
Developmental condition caused by joint incongruity and/or osteochondrosis
elbow dysplasia
elbow dysplasia
one or more of
ununited anconeal process
fragmented medial coronoid process
OCD of medial aspect of humeral condyle
results in early OA/DJD
Elbow dysplasia
____ view
flexed lateral view
CT -
CT -
Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process
fragmented medial coronoid process
fragmented medial coronoid process
FMCP + Osteochondrosis of Humeral Condyle
FMCP + Osteochondrosis of Humeral Condyle
sclerosis of ulnar notch
OC of distal humerus

small triangular fragment
cranial margin of coronoid process
osteochondrosis of humeral condyle
coronoid process disease
"lazy" oblique
ununited anconeal process
united by 6 months
ununited anconeal process
view:
flexed lateral projection
ununited anconeal process
Orthopedic foundation for animals
flexed lateral view >24 months
Grade I
Grade II
Grade III
Grade I: <3 mm
Grade II: 3-5 mm
Grade III: >5 mm
Avascular Necrosis
avascular necrosis
avascular necrosis
jt space too wide
femoral head small and misshapen

chronic, femoral head gone from necrosis
canine panosteitis
canine panosteitis
progress to diffuse medullary increased opacity
subtle smoothly marginated periosteal rxn
canine panosteitis
diffuse medullary increased opacity
smooth new periosteal bone
canine panosteitis
hard to distinguish cortex from medullary cavity

trx with nsaids

can be any long bones (tibia femur radius ulna humerus)
hypertrophic osteodystrophy
transverse radiolucent lines in metaphysis (double physis sign)

metaphyseal flaring or irregular new bone

very painful
hypertrophic osteodystrophy
hypertrophic osteodystrophy
between periosteum and bone
inflammatory response
purulent exudate
hypertrophic osteodystrophy
hypertrophic osteodystrophy
chronically affected

**metaphyseal osteolysis
**both legs
hypertrophic osteodystrophy
hypertrophic osteodystrophy
craniomadibular osteopathy
irregular osseous proliferation on mandible, TMJ, bullae
occasionally calvarium
smooth margins
craniomandibular osteopathy
proliferative new bone, formation on tympanic bulla

difficulty eating and opening mouth
painful
craniomandibular osteopathy
mandible proliferation
disfiguring, painful to pressure

ddx: bone tumor
Hyperparathyroidism/ Metabolic Bone Disease
most common
farily common in old dogs with hypercalcemia
-PU/PD, muscle weakness, lethargic
hyperparathyroidism
absence of lamina dura
opacity like soft tissue
= demineralization
normal lamina dura
normal lamina dura
hyperparathyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
thin bone cortices
decreased bone opacity