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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Totalitarianism
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- Emerged in the 1920s and 1930s
- Bernito Mussolini spoke of the "fierce totalitarian will" in Italy - Believed in willpower, preached conflict and worshiped violence - Individuals were infinitely less valuable than the state - Opposite of Liberalism (rationality, peaceful progress, economic freedom, strong middle class) |
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Modern Totalitarian State
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- Reached maturity in 1930s in USSR and Nazi Germany
-1950s and 1960s it used modern technology and communications to exercise complete political power - State took over and tried to control the economic, social, intellectual and cultural aspects of people's lives - Deviation from the norm (e.g., art or family behavior) could become a crime - Represented a radical revolt against liberalism - People involved through commitment to nationalism and socialism |
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Characteristics of Totalitarism
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- Permanent Revolution
- Unfinished Revolution - Rapid, profound change imposed from on high, went on forever |
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Major differences between USSR and Nazi Germany
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- Soviet Communism, grown out of Marxian Socialism, seized all private property for the state and crushed the middle class
- Nazism, growing out of extreme nationalism and racism, but both private property and middle classes survived - USSR was called Totalitarianism of the Left - Nazi Germany was called Totalitarianism of the Right |
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Facism
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- A term of pride for Mussolini and Hitler
- Used to describe the supposedly "total" and revolutionary character of their movements - It was severely criticized - Generally failed to gain political power |
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Summary of the Totalitarianism Movement
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1) Remains a valuable tool for historical understanding. Correctly highlights Hitler's Germany and Stalin's S.U."total claim" on belief and behavior of citizens
2) Anti-democratic, antisocialist facist movements were all over Europe, but was only to take power in Italy and Germany - The problem of Europe's radical dictatorships is complex and there are few easy answers |
