Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matter
|
Anything that occupies space
|
|
What is the scientific unit of mass?
|
The kilogram (kg)
|
|
Describes the mass of an object in a gravitational force
|
Weight
|
|
Energy is......
|
The ability to do work
|
|
Energy is measured in the SI unit of _____.
|
joule (J)
|
|
eV
|
electron volts (used in radiography)
|
|
Potential energy
|
Ability to do work due to position
|
|
Kinetic energy
|
Energy of motion
|
|
Chemical energy
|
Energy released by a chemical reaction
|
|
Electrical energy
|
Work that can be done when an electron or electronic charge moves through an electric potential
|
|
Household electricity is
|
110 volts
|
|
Thermal energy
|
Energy of motion at the molecular level (kinetic energy of molecules) - molecules in motion
|
|
Nuclear energy
|
Energy contained in the nucleus of an atom
|
|
Electromagnetic energy
|
Energy resulting from electric and magnetic disturbances in space
|
|
This type of energy travels through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields and is produced by the acceleration of a charge
|
Electromagnetic energy
|
|
Forms of electromagnetic energy
|
X-rays
Radio waves Microwaves Ultraviolet light Infrared light Visible light |
|
A form of man-made electromagnetic energy created in an x-ray tube when high-speed electrons are suddenly stopped
|
X-rays
|
|
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence
|
E=MC2
E = energy m = mass c = is the speed of light in a vacuum |
|
Energy emitted through space is called _________.
|
Radiation
|
|
The transfer of energy
|
Radiation
|
|
Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be
|
Exposed or irradiated
|
|
A special type of radiation that includes x-rays
|
Ionizing radiation
|
|
Any kind of radiation capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts
|
Ionizing radiation
|
|
The interaction between radiation and matter
|
Ionization
|
|
The orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated is called ________.
|
An Ion Pair
|
|
The only forms of electromagnetic radiation with enough energy to ionize.
|
X-rays, gamma rays and ultraviolet light
|
|
Examples of fast moving particles capable of ionization
|
Alpha and beta particles
|
|
2 main categories of Ionizing Radiation
|
Natural environmental radiation
Man-made radiation |
|
Natural environmental radiation consists of 3 components
|
-Cosmic Rays
-Terrestrial radiation -Internally deposited radionuclides |
|
Radiation emitted from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth
|
Terrestrial radiation
|
|
The largest component of natural environmental radiation is ________.
|
Radon
|
|
Internally deposited radionuclides
|
Mainly potassium -40 which is a natural metabolite (part of the metabolism)
|
|
When energy increases, frequency (increases/decreases) and wavelength (increases/decreases)
|
Increases
Decreases |
|
Cosmic rays = ?% protons, ?% helium and ?% electrons
|
90% Protons
9% Helium 1% Electrons |
|
REM
|
Radiation Emitted to Man
|
|
Diagnostic x-rays contribute approx ? mrem/yr
|
39 mrem which is the largest source of Ionizing Radiation
|
|
What type of tube was Roentgen using when he discovered x-rays?
|
Crookes tube
|
|
When were x-rays discovered?
|
November 8, 1895
|
|
Who discovered x-rays?
|
William Conrad Roentgen
|
|
The Crookes tube conducted what?
|
Cathode rays or electrons
|
|
What year did Roentgen win the Noble Prize for physics?
|
1901
|
|
The first medical x-ray film was produced when?
|
1896
|
|
2 general types of x-ray exams
|
Radiography
Flouroscopy |
|
X-ray voltages are measured in ???
|
Kilovolt Peak (kVp)
|
|
X-ray currents are measure in ???
|
Milliamperes (mA) where (A) is a measure of electric current
|
|
mA = the number of ????
|
Electrons
|
|
kVp =
|
Measure of X-ray voltage
The speed the electrons are moving |
|
1895
|
The discovery of x-rays
|
|
1898
|
Thomas Edison develops fluoroscope
|
|
1899
|
Collimation and filtration developed
|
|
1907
|
Snook transformer developed offering more controlled voltage and current production
|
|
1913
|
Coolidge hot filament x-ray tube developed to replace cold filament Crookes
|
|
1920
|
ASRT - (first professional organization) developed
|
|
1921
|
First grid to remove scatter radiation
(Potter-Bucky grid) |
|
1942
|
First automatic processor
|
|
1917
|
Cellulose nitrate film base is widely adopted
|
|
1948
|
Image intensifier tube developed for fluoroscopy screens
|
|
1951
|
Tomography developed
|
|
1966
|
Ultrasound
|
|
1970s
|
PET and CT
|
|
1980s
|
MRI
|
|
2000s
|
CR & DR
|