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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ddx: osteopenia
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HOMO
hyperparathyroidism osteomalacia multiple myeloma osteoporosis |
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ddx: osteoporosis
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senile
endocrine - thyroid, adrenal drugs - steroids, heparin malabsorption renal failure liver failure alcohol |
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ddx: juvenile osteoporosis
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idiopathic
renal disease hypercotisolism homocystinuria osteogenesis imperfecta mastocytosis drugs - heparin, steroids, dilantin JRA radiation leukemia *pearl* osteopenic spine in a kid think leukemia, OI, JRA or steroids |
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what are the two types of stress fractures and how do they differ
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insufficiency fractures: breaks in abnormal bone under normal force
fatigue fractures: breaks in normal bone that has been put under extreme force |
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ddx: joint effusion in a kid
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infection
transient synovitis legg-calve-perthes hemophilia early JRA |
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ddx: ivory vertabrae
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CLOMP
carcinoid lypmphoma osteoblastic mets mastocytosis paget's |
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ddx: osteoblastic mets
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5 Bs Lick Pollen
bronchogenic ca (carcinoid) bladder ca breast ca brain ca (medulloblastoma, GBM) bowel ca (mucinous, carcinoid) lymphoma prostate ca |
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ddx: multiple bone lesions
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FEEMHI
fibrous dysplasia EG enchondroma mets/myeloma hyperparathyroidism/hemophilia infection |
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what are the rheumatoid mimics
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PAIR
psoriasis ankylosing spondylitis inflammatory bowel disease reiter's |
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what are the causes of premature osteoarthritis
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COME CHAT
CPPD ochronosis marfan's syndrome epiphyseal dysplasia charcot joint hemophilia/hemochromatosis acromegaly trauma (infection, injury) |
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what are gout mimics
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American Roentgen Ray Society, Hoorah
amyloid rheumatoid (cystic form) reticular histiocytosis sarcoid hyperlipidemia |
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what are the causes of monoarthritis
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CRISTA
crystal disease (gout, CPPD) rheumatoid infection synovial disease (PVNA, synovial osteochondromatosis) trauma amyloid |
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ddx: acro-osteolysis
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S/P THR
scleroderma psoriasis trauma/thermal injury hyperparathyroidism raynaud's |
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ddx: metaphyseal irregularity
(aka rickets mimics) |
CHARMS
congenital infection hypophosphatasia achondroplasia rickets metaphyseal chondrodysplasia scurvy |
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ddx: hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
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bronchogenic ca
chronic disease of the lung cyanotic heart disease cirrhosis IBD thryoid acropachy vascular insufficicency pachydermoperiostosis |
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ddx: diffuse increase in bone density (mnemonic 1)
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Regular Sex Makes Occasional Perversions Much More Pleasurable And Fantastic
renal osteodystrophy sickle cell myelofibrosis osteopetrosis pyknodysostosis mets mastocytosis paget's athlete fluorosis |
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ddx: diffuse increase in bone density (mnemonic 2)
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MARBLE
myelofibrosis/mastocytosis anemia renal osteodystrophy blastic mets lymphoma enigmas - pagets, osteopetrosis, pyknodysostosis, tuberous sclerosis, fluorosis |
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how do you tell apart causes of diffuse increased density
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look for:
hyperparathyroidism - renal cause small spleen - sickle cell big spleen - mastocytosis or myelofibrosis bone within bone - osteopetrosis acro-osteolysis - pyknodysostosis mixed with destruction - met expanded bone - paget's |
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ddx: wormian bones
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HR COPD
hypoparathyroidism rickets (healing) cleidocranial dysostosis osteogenesis imperfecta pyknodysostosis down's |
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ddx: vertebra plana
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FILES
fracture infection leukemia/lymphoma EG/ewing's sickle cell |
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dx: diastatic sutures
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HRCHOP
hypoparathyroidism rickets cleinocranial dysostosis hypophosphatasia osteogenesis imperfecta prematurity |
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ddx: punched out hole in the head
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MFTHOLE
met fibrous dysplasia trauma histiocytosis/hemangioma osteomyelitis leptomeningeal cyst epidermoid/dermoid |
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ddx: short radius
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cornelia de lange syndrome
holt-oram syndrome fanconi's anemia TAR syndrome trauma |
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ddx: scoliosis
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NF
osteoma radiation (at young age) arthrogryposis developmental abnormality (myelomeningocele, CP, marfan's) *pearl* remember 85% of scoliosis is idiopathic |
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ddx: dwarfism
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3 rhizo, 2 acro, 1 meso, 2 general
3 rhizomelic achondroplasia - interpedicular distance narrows thanatrophoric - lethal so usually post-mortem film of a fetus spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia - platyspondyly, deformed femoral heads 2 acromelic jeune syndrome - small chest chrondroectodermal dysplasia 1 mesomelic campomelia 2 generalized osteogenesis imperfecta - bowed bones mucopolysaccharidosis |
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ddx: bowing of bones
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child:
osteogenesis imperfecta fibrous dysplasia NF adult: add paget's |
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ddx: short metacarpals
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Ping Pong Is Tough To Teach or HIT MITT
hypoparathyroidism (incl. pseudoforms) idiopathic trauma turner's trisomy 13, 18 |
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ddx: erlenmeyer flask deformity
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TOPDOG
thalassemia oseopetrosis pyle's disease (metaphyseal dysplasia) diaphyseal aclasia ollier's disease gaucher's disease |
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ddx: osteoarthritis at the glenohumeral joint
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CANT
CPPD acromegaly neuropathic trauma |
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ddx: madelung deformity
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dyschondroosteosis
diaphyseal aclasia trauma idiopathic turner's |
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ddx: cysts at a joint
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I CHAT
infection CPPD hyperpara/hemophilia/hemochromatosis acromegaly trauma (including neuropathic) |
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approach to foot abnormality
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look at calcaneus: should be dorsiflexed on lat and form angle with talus on AP
- if plantar then EQUINUS - if parallel to talus then VARUS look at forefoot - MTs should just abut one another on AP - if overlapping then forefut VARUS - if spread then forefoot VALGUS |
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ddx: demineralization and djd
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hemophilia
osteomyelitis rheumatoid/reiter's scleroderma SLE |
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ddx: axial migration of hips
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PROT C
paget's renal disease osteogenesis imperfecta trauma CPPD |
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ddx: gracile bones
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JRA
osteogenesis imperfecta NF |
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ddx: focal overgrowth of limb
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NF
proteus syndrome macrodystrophica lipomatosa kippel-trenauy-weber |
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ddx: posterior vertebral body scalloping
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NO MAAM
NF osteogenesis imperfecta marfan's achrondoplasia acromegaly mucopolysaccharidosis |
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ddx: wide interpedicular distance
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fracture
dysraphism spinal canal tumor syrinx AVM |
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list characteristics of mucopolysaccharidoses
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osteopenia
vertebral deformities (hook shaped lumbar vertebral bodies) scoliosis mickey mouse iliac bones short limbs short metacarpals |
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what are the classic findings in cleidocranial dysostosis
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abnormal clavicle (absent or hypoplastic)
multiple epiphyses wormian bones open symphysis pubis |
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what are the peak ages for ewing's and osteosarcoma
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ewing's - 11 y
osteosarc - 14 y |
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what is the most common type of craniosynostosis
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dolichocephaly
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name the causes of craniosynostosis
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primary:
idiopathic crouzon's apert's secondary: cerebral atrophy anemia healing rickets hucopolysaccharidosis hyperthyroidism |