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191 Cards in this Set
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What position: Operates landlines, compiles statistical data, marks strips, ensures equipment capability, accepts handoffs and coordinates between ATC and non ATC facilities.
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Approach assist
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What position: Ensures separation, monitors radios, accepts and initiates handoffs, coordinates with adjacent facilities, provides pertinent airfield and landing information
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Approach control
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What position:Ensures separation between departures, monitors radios, accepts and initiates handoffs, coordinates with other radar positions, vectors AC and utilizes appropriate communication equipment
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Departure control
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What position: Ensures separation between AC in area of jurisdiction, monitors radios, accepts and initiates handoffs, coordinates with other radar positions, vectors AC and utilizes appropriate communication equipment.
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Arrival Control
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What position: Operates communication equipment, issues clearances and ensures accuracy of plot readbacks.
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Clearance delivery
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What position: Ensures separation for AC on the final segment of the approach, monitors radio, issues vectors and coordinates for landing clearances.
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Radar Final Control
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What does RADAR stand for
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Radio Detection and Ranging
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What is the Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) used for?
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To locate, Identify, and vector (direct) aircraft anywhere within the range limits of the radar.
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What is the primary short range radar used at most major civilian and military airports
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ASR
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What is the Precision Approach Radar (PAR) used for?
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Used to detect and dizplay azimuth (bearing), elevation (glidepath) and range (distance) of AC on final approach
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List and explain four radar features.
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Moving Target Indicator (MTI): Remedy for ground clutter. Distinguish between moving and non moving targets.
Sensitivity Time Control (STC): Assures targets appear with equal intensity on the indicator, regardless of their range. Fast Time Constant (FTC): Fades the clouds. Circular Polarization (CP): Removes most of the precipitation |
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When should you provide radar service. (only when ......)
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only when you are personally satisfied that the radar presentation and equipment performance is adequate for the service being provided.
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When do you check the operating equipment for alignment accuracy and display acceptability.
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During the relief briefing, or as soon as possible.
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What kind of radar does the military use?
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Mode 3/A or 4096 transponder
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Do you ever use only secondary radar to conduct surveillance (ASR) final approaches?
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No, unless an emergency exists
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When can you use beacon targets for separation purposes?
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When beacon range accuracy is verified by one of the following:
Correlate beacon and primary targets of the same AC to assure that they coincide. When beacon and primary targets do not coincide, correlate them to assure that any beacon displacement agrees with the specified distance and direction for that radar system. Refer to beacon range monitoring equipment (where installed) |
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Who do you apply merging target procedures to?
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All radar identified traffic (not in a holding pattern) that are:
AC at 10,000 feet and above Turbojet AC, regardless of altitude Presidential AC, regardless of altitude |
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When do you not need to advise an AC of radar service termination?
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When an AC cancels it's IFR flight plan (except within B,C&TRSA airspace)
An AC conducting an instrument, visual or contact approach has landed or changed to advisory frequency At tower controlled airports where radar coverage does not exist within 1/2 mile of the end of the runway Arriving VFR AC receiving radar service to a tower controlled airport within B,C&TRSA airspace An AC completes a radar approach |
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What is the difference between a discrete and non discrete environment
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Discrete codes - end in number other than 00,
Non-discrete codes - end in 00 |
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When can you request an AC to change from the code it was squawking?
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When the AC is within your area of responsibility
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What are Function Codes
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Non discrete codes that mean the same thing every time. 7500, 7700, 7600
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What does 7700 mean
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Mayday, emergency
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What does code 7600 mean
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Loss of two way radio contact
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What does code 1255 mean
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en route to a fire fighting area
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what does code 1277 mean
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en route to/from or in a search area
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When is mode C valid
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when it varies less than 300 feet from the pilot reported altitude
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How/when do you confirm Mode C
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Request a pilot confirm assigned altitude on initial contact and when position reports are received unless:
Pilot states assigned altitude You assign new altitude to climbing/descending AC Mode C is valid and indicates that AC is established at the assigned altitude AC was transferred from another sector within your facility |
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When do you confirm assigned altitude on AC with mode C?
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On initial contact and when position reports are received
Unless: Pilot states assigned altitude You assign new altitude to climbing/descending AC Mode C readout is valid and indicates the AC is established at assigned altitude AC was transferred to you from another sector within your facility |
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When do you confirm assigned altitude on AC without mode C?
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On initial contact and when position reports are received unless:
Pilot states assigned altitude You assign new altitude to climbing/descending AC AC was transferred to you from another sector within your facility |
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What is ARTS/STARS used for
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Tracking, tagging, handoff, altitude info, coordination, ground speed and ID
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What are the primary radar ID methods
(Methods used to radar identify primary or radar beacon targets) |
Departure Method
Position Correlation Method Turn Method |
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What are the beacon ID methods, that are used when using only Mode 3/A radar beacon to identify the target.
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Request the AC IDENT
Request the AC change to a specific code Request the AC change transponder to "standby" |
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Consider an auto-acquired AC as identified when the data block is displayed and is visible to you and one of the following conditions exists:
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The radar or beacon identification procedures have been used to confirm the ID of the tagged target.
or The AC is being handed off using a NAS automated system and "CST,NAT,AMB or OLD" does not appear in the data block. |
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When do you inform an AC of "radar contact"?
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Initial radar ID in the ATC system is established
or Radar ID is re-established after radar loss |
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How do you inform an AC that you lost radar contact
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RADAR CONTACT LOST
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Why must you transfer radar ID from one controller to another?
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To provide continuous radar service to an AC and facilitate a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of traffic
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What is: an action taken to transfer the radar ID of an AC from one controller to another if the AC will enter the controllers airspace and radio communication will be transferred?
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Handoff
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What is: a term used to inform the controller initiating a handoff that the AC is identified and approval is granted for the AC to enter the receiving controller's airspace?
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Radar Contact
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What is: an action taken to transfer the radar ID of an AC to another controller if the AC will (or may) enter the airspace of another controller and radio communication will not be transferred?
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Point out
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What is: a term used to inform the controller initiating a point out that the AC is identified and that approval is granted for the AC to enter the receiving controller's airspace, as coordinated, without a communications transfer.
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Point out approved
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What is: A term used to transfer radar ID of an AC to another controller for the purpose of coordinating separation action.
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Traffic
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What is: A term used to inform the controller issuing the traffic restrictions that the traffic is identified and that the restrictions issued are understood and will be complied with.
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Traffic observed
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How do you (methods) transfer radar ID of an AC?
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Physically point to the target on the receiving controllers scope
Landline voice communication Automation |
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What order do you relay the information for a handoff, point out or issuing traffic restrictions.
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Position
ACID (call sign or beacon code) Assigned altitude restrictions Info that the AC is climbing/descending |
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When issuing traffic, who issues the appropriate restrictions?
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the controller issuing traffic
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Who is responsible to ensure that approved separation is maintained between the involved AC?
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The controller accepting the restrictions
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What must the transferring controller do in regards to handing off an AC
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Ensure the AC is:
On a good heading, assigned a good altitude there are no conflicts complete radar handoff prior to the AC entering the receiving controller's airspace Verbally obtain receiving controller's approval prior to making changes to the AC's flight path, altitude, data block info |
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Prior to communications transfer, what must a controller do?
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resolve all potential violations of airspace and potential conflicts
accomplish necessary coordination with all controllers prior to entering their airspace pass restrictions issued (to the receiving controller) to ensure separation |
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What kind of information, not contained in the data block, do you need to advise the receiving controller of?
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Assigned heading
Air speed restrictions Altitude information issued Observed track or deviation from the last route clearance Beacon code (if different from that normally used or previously coordinated) Any other pertinent information |
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In regards to a handoff, what does a receiving controller need to do?
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Ensure the target position corresponds with the position given by the transferring controller or there is an appropriate association between an automated data block and the target being transferred.
Issue restrictions that are needed for the AC to enter your sector safely Comply with restrictions issued by the initiating controller (unless otherwise coordinated) Coordinate with all controllers involved, before issuing control instructions to an AC that will change its heading, route, speed, altitude or beacon code |
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How does a controller confirm the ID of an AC after a handoff?
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Primary Targets - advise the AC of its position
Beacon target - Observe a code change and "ident" reply or "standby" Consider a discrete beacon target's ID to be confirmed if the data block on the scope matches the data block on the flight progress strip |
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In regards to a point out, the transferring controller shall:
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Obtain verbal approcal before permitting an AC to enter someone else's airspace
Obtain the receiving controller's approval before making any changes to the AC's flight path, altitude or data block info Comply with restrictions issued by the receiving controller unless otherwise coordinated |
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In regards to a point out, the receiving controller shall:
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Ensure the target position corresponds with the position given by the transferring controller
Be responsible for the separation between the point out AC and other AC that they are responsible for Issue restrictions necessary to provide separation from the other AC within your area of jurisdiction |
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What are the rules for transferring control of AC?
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Transfer control of AC:
at prescribed or coordinated location, time, fix or altitude or at the time a radar handoff and frequency change to the receiving controller have been completed Only after eliminating any potential conflict with other AC for which you have separation responsibility Assume control of an AC only after it is in your area of jurisdiction unless specifically coordinated or as specified by LOA or a facility directive |
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True or False:
The pilot is expected to obtain his own authorization through each area when in contact with a radar facility. |
False
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When can you transfer radio communication?
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before an AC enters the receiving controller's area of jurisdiction unless otherwise coordinated or specified by a LOA or facility directive
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Transfer radio communication by specifying the following:
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Facility name
Frequency Time Fix Altitude |
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What order do you issue clearance items in?
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ACID
Clearance limit Instrument departure procedure Route of flight Altitude data in the order flown |
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True or False
You need to relay clearances verbatim. |
True
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State clearance rules for AC planning IFR for the initial portion of the flight and VFR for the latter part of the flight.
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Clear them to the fix at which the IFR part ends
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State clearance rules for AC planning VFR for the initial portion of the flight and IFR for the latter part of the flight.
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Treat as a VFR departure, and issue a clearance when it requests IFR
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What items are included in IFR departure clearances?
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Airport of departure
Clearance limit (destination airport) Departure procedures/route of flight (direction of takeoff/turn or initial heading) |
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When can you use abbreviated departure clearances?
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If the route of flight filed has not been changed prior to departure
All ATC facilities concerned have sufficient route of flight info that they need Destination airport is relayed between facilities concerned (IFR flights) Assigned altitude is stated in the clearance |
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When do you have to issue a full clearance?
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When FRC is on the flight progress strip
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Name 3 departure restrictions
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Clearance Void Times
Hold for Release Release Times |
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What action do you take when an AC, which has filed an IFR flight plan, requests a VFR departure?
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After obtaining approval from the facility/sector responsible for issuing the IFR clearance, you may authorize the AC to depart VFR.
Inform the pilot of the proper frequency and where and when to contact the facility responsible for issuing clearance If the pilot insists on taking off VFR and obtaining an IFR clearance in the air, inform the facility holding the flight plan of the pilot's intentions and, if possible, the VFR departure time |
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What is the primary purpose of the ATC system
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to prevent collision between AC, organize and expedite the flow of traffic
In addition to the primary function, the system has the capability to provide additional services |
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Provide ATC service to AC on a 1st come 1st serve basis as circumstances permit, except when:
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An AC is in Distress
Provide priority to LIFEGUARD or AIR EVAC that request priority SAR AC Presidential AC Flight Check AC |
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What does Immediately mean?
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Expeditious compliance is required to avoid an imminent situation
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What does expedite mean?
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Expeditious compliance is required to avoid the development of an imminent situation
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When do you issue a safety alert?
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If you become aware that an AC is in a position or altitude which in your judgment, places it in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions or other AC
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True or False
Issuance of a safety alert is a first priority over a plane that needs information on short final |
True
Issuance of a safety alert is a first priority, weather or not you have control of that AC |
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What actions do you take in an In Flight Equipment Malfunction?
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Provide the maximum assistance possible, consistent with workload.
Relay to other controllers/facilities that will handle the AC |
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What do you do when you get a report of a NAVAID malfunction?
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Request a second report from a second AC
If confirmed, activate standby equipment, if not inform the initial pilot If there is no other second AC then activate standby equipment and notify the Airway Facilities personnel |
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What authority do ATC facilities have with MARSA?
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ATC facilities do not invoke or deny MARSA.
Just separate the MARSA operations from nonparticipating AC |
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At which facilities will military procedures be applied?
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At ATC facilities operated by that military service
ATC facilities regardless of their parent organization Other ATC facilities, when specified by an LOA |
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Who do you issue wake turbulence advisories to?
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VFR AC not being radar vectored but behind a heavy/B757
IFR AC that accept a visual approach or visual separation VFR arriving AC that have previously been radar vectored and the vectoring has been discontinued |
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Who do you issue traffic advisories to?
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those AC on your frequency when in your judgment their proximity warrants it
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In what order do you issue traffic?
(to radar identified traffic) |
Azimuth (12 hour clock)
Distance Direction Type Altitude |
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In what order do you issue traffic?
(to non-radar identified traffic) |
Distance and direction from fix
Direction traffic is proceeding If known, type of AC and altitude ETA over the fix the AC is approaching |
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What do you include in bird activity reports?
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Position
Species or size course of flight altitude |
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How long do you report bird activity?
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Report for at least 15 minutes after receipt of information.
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State the rules of flight direction
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Below 3,000 feet, any course and any altitude
0-179 (NE-ODD) Odd cardinal altitudes at intervals of 2,000 180-359 (SW-EVEN) Even cardinal altitudes at intervals of 2,000 |
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When the altimeter setting is 29.92 or higher, what is the lowest usable flight level?
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FL 180
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When the altimeter setting is 29.91 to 28.92, what is the lowest usable flight level?
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FL 190
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When the altimeter setting is 28.91 to 27.92, what is the lowest usable flight level?
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FL 200
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If a pilot advises you that a (altitude) clearance can not be accepted, what should you do?
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Issue revised instructions to ensure positive control and standard separation
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Define:
MEA MOCA MSA MVA |
MEA - Lowest published altitude that meats obstacle clearance regulations between fixes
MOCA - Lowest published altitude that meats obstacle clearance regulations between fixes for entire route segment to be flown MSA - Minimum safe altitudes MVA - Minimum MSL altitude at which an IFR AC will be vectored |
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State the rules for SVFR Altitude Assignments
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Do not assign a fixed altitude when applying vertical separation, but clear the AC at or below an altitude which is at least 500 feet below any conflicting IFR traffic but not below the MSA
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What are the MSAs,
Over congested areas: Over other areas: |
Over congested areas, 1,000 feet above the highest altitude
other areas, at least 500 feet above the surface |
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Radar separation may be applied between:
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radar identified AC
An AC taking off when it will be radar identified within 1 mile |
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What are the rules of target separation for primary and beacon targets?
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Between the centers of primary radar targets
Between the ends of beacon control slashes Between the end of a beacon control slash and the center of the primary target |
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What are the minima for separating AC
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When less than 40 miles from the antenna - 3 miles
When 40 miles or more from the antenna - 5 miles |
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What are the minima for separating AC from obstructions
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When less than 40 miles from the antenna - 3 miles
When 40 miles or more from the antenna - 5 miles |
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What are the minima for separating radar controlled AC from non radar adjacent airspace
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When less than 40 miles from the antenna - 3 miles
When 40 miles or more from the antenna - 5 miles |
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What are the minima for separating radar controlled AC from radar controlled adjacent airspace
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When less than 40 miles from the antenna - 1.5 miles
When 40 miles or more from the antenna - 2.5 miles |
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How far do you separate AC operating directly behind or directly behind and less than 1,000 feet below, or following an AC conducting an instrument approach
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Heavy behind heavy - 4 miles
Large/heavy behind B757 - 4 miles Small behind B757 - 5 miles Small/Large behind heavy - 5 miles |
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Separate AC landing behind another AC on the same runway, or one making a touch and go or low approach by:
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Small behind a large - 4 miles
Small behind B757 - 5 miles Small behind heavy - 6 miles |
Small AC
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AC not laterally separated, may be vertically separated by:
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Assigning altitudes (if Mode C is valid, monitored, and MSA are maintained)
or Assign altitude to AC after AC previously at that altitude has been issued a climb/descent and is observed or reports leaving the altitude |
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What are the exceptions to vertically separating AC with assigning altitudes?
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Severe turbulence
AC are doing refueling Climb/descend was issued at pilots discretion |
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Vertical separation between AC may be discontinued when:
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AC are on opposite courses and you have observed them pass
or AC on the same or crossing course, one has crossed the projected course of the other and the angular difference between their courses is at least 15 degrees or Target symbols will not touch |
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How far do you separate formation flights
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Standard formation flight - add 1 mile to radar separation minima
2 Standard formation flights - add 2 miles to RSM Non standard formation flight - apply separation minima to the perimeter of the airspace encompassing the flight |
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When can you approve VFR on top?
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If the pilot of an AC on an IFR flight plan requests the clearance
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What is the frequency for:
Canyon tower Canyon Arrival |
Canyon Tower: 236.6/126.2
Canyon Arrival: 290.9/128.1 |
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What is the frequency for:
Canyon Approach Canyon Departure |
Canyon Approach: 363.8/134.1
Canyon Departure: 269.9/139.9 |
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What is the frequency for:
Canyon Low Sioux Falls Low |
Canyon Low: 279.6/124.1
Sioux Falls Low: 311.1/131.9 |
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When required to change frequency/beacon, make sure you:
Give instructions ___________ Keep changes __________ Avoid ______, _______ On a missed approach, no changes ___________________ |
give instructions clearly and before the AC reaches the fix/handoff
Keep freq./beacon changes to a minimum below 2500 ft Avoid requiring changes during a turn Avoid changes during a High Altitude Approach In a missed approach, no changes before the AC reaches MVA/MEA |
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When can you change radio frequencies for military "single frequency approaches"
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During daylight VFR conditions
Pilot request When pilot cancel IFR flight plan In emergency When AC is cleared for visual approach |
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Clear arriving AC to a clearance limit by specifying the following:
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Name fix/airport
Route of flight including STAR and STAR transition Altitude instructions Issue holding instructions, EFC times, additional delay Instructions regarding further communications |
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Vector AC (rules)
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AC operating on RNAV remain their own frequency
In class G, upon pilot request At or above MVA or minimum IFR altitude **VFR may be vectored at any altitude when not assigned an altitude In your own area So it can resume its own navigation Operating special VFR within BCD or E areas |
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Prior to issuing a descent clearance below the highest initial approach fix altitude, established for any high altitude instrument approach procedure, for the destination airport, inform the AC
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Type of approach to expect
Radar vectors will be provided to the final approach course Current weather, whenever ceiling is below 1,000 (1,500 USAF) or less than 3 miles visibility |
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How do you determine descent clearance?
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Add 10 to the 1st two digits of the flight level.
FL 370, 37+10= 47 miles |
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Determination that existing weather/visibility is adequate for approach/landing is the responsibility of ____________
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The pilot/AC operator
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If an arriving AC reports weather conditions are below his landing minima:
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Issue instructions to the AC to hold or proceed to another airport
Adjust the position in the landing sequence of any other AC desiring to make approaches and issue approach clearances immediately |
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When do you provide current approach information to AC destined to airports for which you provide approach control services?
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On initial contact or as soon as possible thereafter
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Issue approach information by including the following:
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Approach clearance or type of approach
Runway (if different from the instrument approach runway) Surface wind Ceiling and visibility (if below VFR) Altimeter setting (for intended airport) |
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When do you issue special weather observations?
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as soon as possible
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What arrival information do you forward to non-approach control towers soon enough to permit adjustment of the traffic flow or to FSS soon enough to provide local airport advisory where applicable?
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ACID
Type of AC ETA Type of instrument approach For SVFR, direction from which they will be entering Class BCD or E airspace Position (AC executing contact approach) |
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What is an Instrument Approach Procedure?
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A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an AC under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.
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What are the four segments that structure the approach procedure?
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Initial Approach
Intermediate Approach Final Approach Missed Approach |
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How/when do you require an AC to execute a particular instrument approach procedure?
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Specify in the approach clearance the name of the approach (as published) and specify execution of the specific approach.
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Clearances authorizing instrument approaches are issued on what basis?
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If visual contact with the ground is made before the approach is completed, the entire approach procedure will be followed unless the pilot receives approval for a contact approach, cleared for visual approach or cancels IFR flight plan
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For an AC operating on unpublished routes, issue the approach clearance only after the AC is:
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Established on a segment of a published route or instrument approach procedure
Assigned an altitude to maintain until the AC is established on a segment of a published route or IAP |
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Circling approach instructions may only be given for:
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AC landing at airports with operational control towers
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What do you specify in an approach clearance when the pilot says he is unfamiliar with the procedure?
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Initial approach altitude
Direction and distance from holding fix Final approach course and altitude Missed approach procedures |
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IFR AC shall be afforded standard separation until:
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The AC lands and the flight is terminated
The pilot cancels the flight plan |
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Where separation services are not provided to VFR AC practicing instrument approaches, the controller shall
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Instruct the pilot to maintain VFR
Advise the pilot that separation services are not provided Provide traffic information or advise pilot to contact the appropriate facility |
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Consider an AC cleared for a touch and go, low approach, or practice approach as an arriving AC until:
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That AC touches down or crosses the landing threshold, then it is a departing AC
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Climb out instructions must include:
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a specific heading or a route of flight and altitude,
except when the AC will maintain VFR and contact the tower |
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Clear an AC for visual approach when:
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The AC is #1 in the approach sequence
The AC is to follow preceding AC and the pilot reports the preceding AC in sight The pilot reports the airport or runway in sight but not the AC and radar separation will be maintained |
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Clear an AC for a Contact approach only in the following conditions are met:
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Pilot requested
Reported visibility at least 1 statute mile Standard or special instrument approach is published and functioning Approved separation is applied Alternative clearance is issued |
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When can you vector a departing IFR AC within 40 miles of the antenna and before it reaches the minimum altitude for IFR operations if:
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separation from the prominent obstructions shown on the radar scope is applied (3 miles or more or 1000 feet above)
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Separate AC departing the same runway or parallel runways (less that 2,500ft apart) by: ______ mile(s) if ____________.
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1 mile if courses diverge immediately after departure
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On non intersecting runways, authorize simultaneous takeoffs if:
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runways diverge by 15 degrees or more
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On intersecting runways which diverge by 15 degrees or more, authorize takeoff of a succeeding AC when:
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The preceding AC has passed the point of runway and/or takeoff course intersection
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Separate a departing AC from an arriving AC on final approach by:
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a minimum of 2 miles if separation will increase to 3 miles within 1 minute after takeoff. (this separation is determined at the time the departing AC commences takeoff roll)
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Speed adjustments are used to:
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achieve or maintain required or desired spacing.
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Do not assign speed adjustments to AC:
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At or above FL 390 without pilot consent
Executing a published high altitude instrument approach In a holding pattern Inside the final approach fix or 1/2 mile from the runway |
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True or False
Approach clearances cancel any previously assigned speed adjustment. |
True
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Express speed adjustments in terms of _____ based on _____ in _______ increments
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Express speed adjustments in terms of knots based on indicated air speed in 10 knot increments
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The terms "maintain maximum forward speed" and "maintain slowest practical speed" are primarily intended for use when sequencing:
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a group of aircraft
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What are the airspeed minima for turbojet AC?
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ARRIVALS
10,000 ft to FL280 = 250 knots and above Below 10,000 ft (outside 20 miles) = 210 knots and above Below 10,000 ft (inside 20 miles) = 170 knots and above DEPARTURES 230 knots and above |
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What are the airspeed minima for Prop AC?
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ARRIVALS
10,000 ft to FL280 = 250 knots and above Below 10,000 ft (outside 20 miles) = 200 knots and above Below 10,000 ft (inside 20 miles) = 150 knots and above DEPARTURES 150 knots and above |
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What are the separation boundaries around Special Use Airspace?
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at least 500 feet above or below (airspace above FL290 =1,000ft)
3 Miles from the peripheral boundary EXCEPTION Some Special use airspace is established for security reasons or contain hazardous activities, vector all AC to remain clear of the peripheral boundary. |
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Separation rules for fuel dumping:
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IFR AC by one of the following:
1,000 feet above (FL290 = 2,000 above) 2,000 feet below 5 miles radar 5 miles laterally VFR radar identified by 5 miles |
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How long do you broadcast an advisory about fuel dumping?
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3 minute intervals until the dumping stops
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Who do you notify when you are in contact with an AC that starts dumping fuel?
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Other controllers and facilities that might be concerned.
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Provide vectoring service, to drop areas (external store jettison), upon request to:
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USAF, ANG, AFR aircraft at any time
Civil operators when you have a written agreement |
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A pilot encountering DISTRESS will say:
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Mayday
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A pilot encountering an URGENCY condition will say
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Pan-pan
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Provide _______ assistance to aircraft in distress.
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maximum
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If you are in communication with an AC in distress, _________ and ________ and ________________.
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Handle the emergency
Coordinate Direct the activities of assisting facilities |
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What do you do when you receive information about an AC in distress
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forward detailed data to the center in whose area the emergency exists
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Who serves as the central points for collecting information, for coordinating with SAR and for conducting a communications search by distributing any necessary ALNOTs
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Centers
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For in flight emergencies involving military fighter type AC, radio frequency and transponder code changes should be avoided and _______________
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radio transmissions held to a minimum
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Before activating the crash phone, what information do you need
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AC type and ID
Nature of emergency Pilot's desires |
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What are the emergency frequencies
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121.5 MHz
243.0 MHz |
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Orientate an AC by these recognized methods:
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Radar
DF NAVAIDs Pilotage Sighting by other AC |
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What do you tell an AC to improve reception
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Recommend that the AC maintain or increase altitude
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Consider that an AC emergency exists when:
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An emergency is declared by (pilot, facility personnel, officials responsible for the AC)
Unexpected loss of radar/radio contact Reports indicate forced landing Reports indicate crew abandoned AC Code 7700 is received Intercept/escort AC required Need for ground rescue appears likely ELT signal is heard/reported |
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What do you do if you suspect an AC to be hijacked?
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Ask the pilot to verify Code 7500
Notify supervisory personnel of the situation |
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What do you do if a VFR AC requests assistance when it encounters or is about to encounter IFR weather conditions?
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Determine the facility best able to provide service
IF MODE C EQUIPPED: Assign beacon code that will permit MSAW alarm processing Ask the pilot if he is qualified and capable of conducting IFR flight If so, request him to file an IFR flight plan If not or he refuses: Inform pilot where VFR conditions are reported and pertinent weather info If they decline another airport, provide radar assist if they declare emergency |
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If an AC that requests radar due to weather, and they have already encountered IFR conditions:
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Inform the pilot of terrain/obstacle clearance minimum altitude
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When you provide radar assist to a pilot (no mode C) not qualified to operate in IFR conditions:
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Avoid radio freq. changes
Maki turns while in VFR conditions Have pilot lower gear to slow AC in VFR conditions Avoid climb/descent in IFR condition turn Avoid abrupt maneuvers Vector AC to VFR conditions |
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Who do you call when you receive an ELT report?
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Notify the ARTCC
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When is testing of ELTs permitted?
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first 5 minutes of each hour
and for no more than three audio sweeps |
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Consider these conditions when recommending an emergency airport
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Remaining fuel
Weather conditions Airport conditions NAVAID status AC type Pilot qualifications Vectoring/homing capability to emergency airport |
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When should you consider an AC to be late?
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30 minutes
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Terminal VFR Radar service is instituted to (why is it instituted?):
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extend the terminal IFR radar services to VFR flights
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What are the four types of Terminal CFT radar service:
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Basic
Terminal Class B Class C |
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Basic radar service includes:
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Safety alerts
traffic advisories limited radar vectoring (when requested) and sequencing |
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True of False
Arriving aircraft do not want service unless they request it. |
False
Arriving AC are assumed to want radar service unless the pilot states "Negative radar service" |
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Who assigns landing sequence numbers?
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Tower
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Transfer of communications ordinarily occurs at least ____ miles from the runway.
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5
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What services do you provide during hours when the tower is not in operation?
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Wind direction and velocity
Traffic Information Inform AC when radar service is terminated "do not assign landing sequence" |
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Inform the pilot when to _________ when VFR AC are held either inside or outside the TRSA.
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EFC, Expect further clearance
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Separate VFR AC from VFR/IFR AC by one of the following:
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Visual Separation
500 feet vertical separation |
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Who specifies the approach interval?
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Tower
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True or False
Departing AC are assumed to want TRSA service unless the pilot states "negative TRSA service" |
True
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Provide _____ until the AC leaves the TRSA
Inform VFR participating AC ________ the TRSA |
Separation
when leaving |
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Where is the approach gate?
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1 mile from the outer marker away from the airport
No closer than 5 miles from the landing threshold |
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Where do you vector arriving AC to intercept the final approach course:
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at least 2 miles outside the approach gate unless:
Ceiling is at least 500ft above the MVA/MIA and visibility is at least 3 miles they may be vectored inside the 2 miles but no closer than the approach gate If pilot requested, they may be inside the approach gate but not the final fix |
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What are the interception angles
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Less than 2 miles outside the approach gate = 20 degrees
more than 2 miles = 30 degrees |
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Issue PTAC instructions before the AC reaches ____________
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the approach gate
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Issue ______ instructions before the AC reaches the approach gate
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PTAC
Position Turn Altitude Clearance |
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Inform the AC of its position at least once before __________
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starting final approach
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The precision approach radar gives us _______, _______, and ______
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azimuth
elevation range |
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For a PAR approach, on initial contact with the final controller, ask the AC for a ____________
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communication check
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PAR:
Inform the AC when it is approaching glide path, approximately _____-____ seconds before ___________ |
10-30
final descent |
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PAR:
Inform the AC of its distance from touchdown at least ___________ on final approach |
once each mile
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PAR:
Continue to provide glide path and course information until the AC passes over _____________ |
threshold
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