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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what specific views would you take for an animal who comes in with a toe related injury? |
phalanges/metacarpal view= oblique view, true lateral and a dorsopalmar |
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when taking a radiograph of the phalanges, what kind of density and contrast would be ideal? |
high contrast and low density. |
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Say a rather energetic puppy comes in. you have two choices for mAs. either 250mA and 30ms or 100mA and 50ms. which is best? |
250mA and 30ms is the best option because it reduces the risk of the x-ray being blurry since it takes the x-ray faster, and an energetic puppy may not sit still for very long. |
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If the tube head has accidentally been placed to high for the x-ray that was taken, how would this affect the image? |
it would reduce the amount of sharpness and detail within the radiograph, there would be too much contrast and too low density |
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what are 2 distinct differences between a radiograph which is taken on inspiration and one that is taken on expiration? |
On inspiration: - the heart is not touching the diaphragm and there is a space between them. -the heart is lifted off the sternum On expiration: -the heart is touching or appears overlapping with the diaphragm. -the heart is touching/resting on the sternum. |
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for a lateral thoracic radiograph where would you measure, and center, and what would be your peripheral borders? |
measured: caudal border of the scapula centered: caudal border of the scapula PB: shoulder joint to lumbar vertebra 1 |
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List 4 distinct issues that would result in a radiograph with a low contrast |
-too high a kVp setting -film fogging -too much time in the developer -too low SID |
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What 2 problems will occur on your latent image with an increase in OFD (Object film distance)? |
-Magnification -less detail/sharpness |
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What does "penumbra"mean? |
Blurring at the edge of the object |
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What is the leading cause of penumbra when radiographing patients? |
Animals moving at the perfect time to ruin your x-ray |
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You take a radiograph and the collimation area surrounding the patient is grey in color. how specifically would you change the setting to improve this? |
The background is too light :. you must double you mAs |
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A side of the cassette was not closed properly and a radiograph was taken using this cassette. what artifact will likely be present on the film? what will it look like? |
the artifact will be a Light leak which looks like a long black line at the edge of the x-ray, usually on one side. |
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Intensifying screens contain what type of crystal? |
They contain phosphor crystals- calcium tungstate |
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Explain how the phosphor crystals in the intensifying screens of the cassette work to create the latent image , and how much of the latent image do they create? |
They work by absorbing the x-ray quantuma, converting it to visible light and then they fluoresce which reflects off the reflective layer which exposes the silver halide crystals, creating 95% of the image. |
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What is the primary purpose of intensifying screens. explain 2 benefits to using one. |
The primary purpose is to aid significantly in creating the latent image by their crystals which convert the x-ray beam into visible light which is super effective. Benefits: - lower exposure factors - less chance of scatter radiation to patient and personnell |
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With radio graphing a cats tibia/fibula and in dorsal recumbancy, what is this view called? what would be your peripheral borders? |
View: Craniocaudal (CrCd) PB: include from stifle joint to tarsal joint |
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If a vet suspects elbow dysplasia in a dog, what specific views will you do? |
Elbow joint: lateral flexed and unflexed, craniocaudal (should sedate due to uncomfortable) |
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What are your peripheral borders for an elbow joint radiograph. |
Include 1/3 of the radius/ulna and a 1/3 of the humerus. |
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You are taking an abdominal radiograph and you have measured 12cm. what might be a suitable kVp for this radiograph? |
cm = 12cm (12 x 2) + 40 :. 64 kVp might be a suitable =64kVp setting |
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List three common artifacts that appear white on a radiograph or that decrease density |
- sand bags - any metallic object - wet-matted hair |
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List 4 physical properties of x-ray electromagnetic radiation |
-low/variable wavelength -straight line of rays -cause change to DNA molecules -excitation |
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What is one advantage of using lanthanide crystal vs. calcium tungstate crystal? |
Lanthanide crystals are much faster at absorbing + converting the x-ray beam to visible light |
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What 4 properties affect the speed/efficiency of an intensifying screen |
- size of phosphor crystals - thickness of phosphor layer - efficiency of the reflective layer - type of phosphor crystal |
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A dog comes in radiographs of a suspected injured shoulder. what 2 views would likely be done? |
Scapula= Lateral + Caudalcranial ^ affected shoulder down |
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What 5 criteria that must be present in order for a radiograph to be good enough to submit to OFA for the hip certification. |
~ legally labeled ~ femurs parallel ~ wings of ilium - stifle joint ~ patella in the femoral condyles ~ wings of the ilium symmetrical. |
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What does kVp stand for? |
kVp = kilo voltage potential/peak |
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What does kVp control? |
it controls the strength of the x-ray beam |
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is an abdominal radiograph taken on inspiration or expiration? |
Is taken on expiration |
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What kind of contrast do you want for the abdomen? |
Low contrast for many shades of grey. |
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Which view is the ideal one for a cardiac radiograph? |
Thoracic DV view |
