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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The response of the organism to total body irradiation is determined by the combines response of all systems in the body?
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response of the organism
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The different systems of the body differ in _______________ therefore, the total body response will be a function of the particular system _____ most affected by the radiation.
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-radiosensitivities
-most |
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What is the adverse effects that result in clinical signs and symptoms within a few days or weeks after a rapid, intense exposure to ionizing radiation?
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Acute radiation injury or syndrome
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The relationship of these signs and symptoms to a specific type of trauma or disease process is termed what?
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"syndrome"
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Although damage to one particular system is responsible for the syndrome, the ______________ of the specific signs and symptoms is a result of damage to more than one system in the body.
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manifestation
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RADIATION SYNDROME IN MAMMALS:
Total body radiation syndrome applies only when exposure occurs under a specific set of 3 conditions: |
-exposures of the organism must have occurred acutely.
-Area of the organism exposed to radiation must be total-body, or very nearly total-body. -The radiation syndromes are produced by exposure to external penetrating sources (xrays, gamma and neutrons) |
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STAGES OF RESPONSE:
The response of an animal to an acute total body dose radiation can be divided into 3 stages: |
-Prodromal stage
-Latent stage -Manifest illness stage |
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The duration of each stage is?
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dose dependant
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The lower the ____, the ______ the duration of any of the 3 stages.
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-dose
-longer |
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Each stage may last from a period of _____ at low doses to a matter of _______ at high doses.
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-weeks
-minutes |
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Characterized by nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. may last froma few minutes to a few days, depending on the dose received.
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Prodromal stage (1st stage)
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Changes taking place in the respective systems damaged by the radiation. This will either lead to death or recovery on the animal.
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Latent stage (2nd stage)
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Duration of the latent stage varies with the dose, from weeks at doses below _gy, to hours or shorter at doses greather than ___gy.
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-5 Gy
-100 Gy Latent stage |
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@ this time the animal becomes ill and exhibits the specific s/s of the syndrome reflecting the organ system damaged.
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Manifest illness stage (3rd stage)
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May last from minutes to weeks, depending on the dose. Finally, the animal either recovers or dies as a result of radiation injury.
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Manifest illness stage
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SURVIVAL TIME:
The primary effect of an acute total body radiation exposure is to _______ the life span of the organism. |
Shorten
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This is dependent on the _____ to which an organism is exposed.
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dose
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The life span of an organism is drastically __________ after moderate to high doses of total body radiation.
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reduced
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Total body exposures in the dose range of moderate to high are considered immediately __________?
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lethal
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Variations in survival time exist among different ________ and even among animals within the same ________.
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-species
-species |
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What does "MST" stand for?
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The Mean Average Survival Time.
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_________(LD) is the mose often used expression when discussing the today body exposures.
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lethal dose
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The lethal dose necessary to kill 50% of a population in 30 days is expressed as the ?
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LD 50/30
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The lethal dose necessary to kill 100% of a population in 6 days is expressed as?
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LD 100/6
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DOSE AND SURVIVAL TIME:
A curve can be constructed relating survival time to dose for all mallas exposed to? |
total body radiation
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As dose increases, the number of survivors and survival time _________.
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decreases
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@ doses of approximately 2 Gy, a ______ % of animals will survive.
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high
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The 3 general regions of the curve reflect damage to 3 different systems that may result in the death of the animal.
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1) Hematopoietic or Bone Marrow syndrome.
2) GI syndrome 3) CNS syndrome |
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This dosn't indicate that other organs and systems have not sustained radiation damage, but rather the primary cause of death is destruction of _ specific _________?
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1 specific system.
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Hematopoietic or BM syndrome doses are?
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between 1 and 10 Gy
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GI syndrome doses are?
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10 and 100 Gy
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CNS syndrome doses are?
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>100 Gy
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