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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nationality
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belonging to a specific nation either by birth or nautralization
-citzenship -nation of origin |
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Race
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Based loosely on physical characteristics
-gained meaning in 1700 |
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Two people of the same race cannot be genetically different
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FALSE
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All people have 99.8% of the same genes
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True
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Idealogical Racism
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physical characteristics make one race superior/inferior
-this justified racism, slavery and genocide |
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Defining who is colored
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one drop of colored blood makes someone colored
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Ethnicity
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Based on national origin/culture
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Culture
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-Language
-Religion -Customs |
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Ethno genesis
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beginning of an ethnicity, the start of being ethnically distinct
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American Melting Pot
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Assimilation Issues
-much is gained and lost in cultures mix -melting pot is a partial mix |
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Immigration
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Moving of people from one country to another
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Formative Wave
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Prior to 1830
-English/Spanish settlers |
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First Wave
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1830-1870
Irish, German, Chinese |
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Second Wave
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Southern/Eastern Europeans
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Final/Current Wave
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Post WWII
-Asians, Mexicans, Central/South Americans |
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Voluntary Immigration
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left by choice, generations usually stay
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Movement of Forced labor Immigration
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slave immigration
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Contract Labor Immigration
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indentured servants
-Japanese and Chinese Labors, Braceros |
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Movement of Displaced Persons Immigration
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Refugees
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Spanish push factors
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Reconquits (spanish Army)
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Colombian Exchange
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What the spanish brought to the US had a cultrual impact
-pants -animals -disease |
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Imperial Competition, Age of Sail
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Colombians provided natural resources, land, gold
-Trade by boat made exchange easier Naval Power: Both military and Mercantile |
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Push/pull Factors for the English
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-Stratified Society
-Primogeniture: oldest son inherits everything -Protestant reform indentured servitude |
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Pull Factors for Spanish
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Gold, land, conquest
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Ranoke, North Carolina 1587
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Outpost Phase
-Simply establish a presence there and attempt to make a profit |
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Jamestown, Virginia 1607
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Extractive Phase
-Plans to extract as much wealth and riches from the new lands as possible |
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Plymouth 1620 settlement phase
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actual establishment of permanent settlements for future growth
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Plymouth 1620-Pilgrims seperate from church
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Seperatists
Wapanogas tribe |
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Massachusettes Bay 1630
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-Puritans
-Boston -Salem |
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Reasons for Conflict (European vs. European)
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-Mercantilism:trade, raw materals
-Prestige of Empire -Religions Clash |
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Reasons for Conflict (Indian vs. European)
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-Culture Clash
land use-new land was nomadic w/ no ownership, in egland everything was owned -opposite gender roles -Religion-indians were not christians and seen uncivilized |
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Recolonization of Slavery
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Slavery was condoned in the bible
-considered it as a fact of life |
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Before African Slaves (Native Americans)
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-didn't work out much b/c they knew the area and died from European disease
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Before Native American Slaves (intentured servants)
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-Payed for their journey by working
-became economic competitors after released -became harder to attract |
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Bacon's Rebellion
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-Virginia 1676
He didn't believe that the govt protected them from disease so he killed many whites and indians and burned jamestown |
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benefits of black slaves
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-escape is harder
unfamiliar territory immune to disease speak diff language diff color skin from owners slavery is forever |
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Slavery in the islands
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began in the carribean
sugar can be converted into rum dutch and muslim were main slave traders African slaves became 60% of population |
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Slavery in North America
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worked in tobacco, rice and indigo fields
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North American Cash Crops
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Tobbaco, rice, indigo and cotton
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Middle Passage
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-Slave factories that held slaves until they were shipped to other countries
-Ships took 2-4 months and 10-20% died on journey |
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1641
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Massachusettes is 1st state to legalize slavery
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1662
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Virginia law states that slavery is forever
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1705
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Virginia slave codes:slaves are property
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slave society
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south
-Fundamental to culture -slavery was essential to maintain labor intensive crops |
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Society with slaves
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North
-Slavery was present but not nescessary |
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Cotton Kingdom
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Cotton gin made harvesting easier
in 1860 it was over 1/2 US exports |
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Black belt
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area in south where the soil was good for farming, many blacks resided there
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conditions of slave life
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north vs. south
urban vs. rural -types of agriculture had an affect on how hard the slave worked |
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Task labor
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rice and sugar
-had a certian amount of work to do, when you were done u had the day to yourself |
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Gang Labor
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tobacco and cotton
-keep working all day long |
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Plantation life
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-gang labor was most common on large plantations
-overseers were brutal -physical punishment, sexual control, mental abuse |
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Slave Culture
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African American Ethnogenesis
-language, religion (made their own form of christianity and favored exodus) |
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Slave resistance-individual
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violent, slave revolts
-acting dumb, being lazy |
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slave resistance-organized
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underground railroad
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Slave Revolts
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Haiti began first wave-1780's
Gabriel's rebellion, Virginia- 1799 Denmark Valley, SC-1822 Nat Turner (heard voice of god)- VA 1831 |
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Henry David Thoreau
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Civil Disobedience
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Uncle Tom's cabin
-north started to see slavery as wrong |
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Walt Whitman
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I sing the body electric
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Compromise of 1850
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Slavery was outlawed in DC, in front of all politicans, south was angry
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Kansas-Nebraska act 1852
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People in these states voted on whether slavery should be abolished
-others from the north and south moved to those states to vote |
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Dred Scot vs Sanford
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slaves or former slaves were not protected by the constituion
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Harper's Ferry
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Attacked by John Brown to get arms to free the slaves
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French and Indian war
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Seven years war
France/Indians vs. Britain, colonists and iriquois confedecry |
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American Revolutionary War
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1775-1783
-Eastern North America -Great Britian, loyalists, Iriquois, vs US, France, Spain -Scotts-Irish made up most of army -Iriquois confedecary fell during the war |
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Iriquois Confedecary
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Haudenosaunee-ppl of the long house
-6 nations combined |
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Tecumseh's rebellion
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-"the prophet"
-had a dream that god came down and told him that the indians need to give up the white ways -tecumseh followed the word of Tenskwatawa -led to the battle of tippecanoe |
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The Creek War
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red stick war
-fort mims -indians attacked and killed 400 europeans |
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Treaty of Forth Jackson
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-andrew jackson killed the creek renegades
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5 civilized tribes
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choctaw
creek chickasaw cherokee seminole |
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Indian Removal Act 1830
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gave president jackson authority to to negotiate treaties with native americans to trade land in east for land in west
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Worchester vs. Georgia
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cherokee's found gold in their area, europeans tried to come and take it. went to the supreme court, ruled in favor of the cherokee but Jackson would not approve of it
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Trail of tears
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describes Cherokee's journey west
20,000 went southeast |
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seminoles
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went southeast
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Civil War Era-Homestead Act 1862
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created to help people settle in the west
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Civil War Era-Pacific Railway Act 1862
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gave funds to build a railroad out west
didnt get built until 8 yrs later easier travel to get out west |
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Grants Peace Policy
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-only president could make treaties
-indians saw this as dictating -appointed quakers to oversee indians, quakers tried to convert them |
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The Lakota War
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-gold was found in lakota territory, people began coming for gold
-George Armstrong Custer came in, he was a known indian killer so sitting bul gall and crazy horse came up with a plan to kill him--didn't work, tribe fled to Canada |
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Wounded Knee Massacre
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Indians were forced to turn in Arms , and some refused
-open fire shot the indians |
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Helen Hunt Jackson
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A century of dishonor
-wanted to assimilate native americans |
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Daws Severality Act
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broke up land for indians by family, each got 160 acres-good intentions but they lost a lot of land
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Indian Schools
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Carsile Indian Industrial School-gave kids haircuts and americanized them
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Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
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attempted to undo the land division
gave indians their own government |
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Irish stereotype
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superstisious
-drinkers and fighters |
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Irish push
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kicked out by Queen Elizabeth
-plantation systems -brutal supression by england |
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Ulster Scotts
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Scottish and Irish clumped-came to america
-couldn't own land -settled in Appalacahin Mountains |