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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WWII effects (during war)
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1. Repealing chinese exclusion act 1943
-Chinese came to America 2. War Brides Act of 1945 -Fast track into citizenship 3. Displace Person Act 1948 -Helped to leave war torn Europe ex) Jews that went through Holocaust |
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How people were seen "Is this Tomorrow" American under communision
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-African Americans considered citizens
-Racism and Anti-Semitism still exsist but things are slowly changing for the better -We liked China because they brought money for marketing -We like to help people (looks good for our reputation) |
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McCareen Walter Act 1952
(After WWII) |
-equality
-Good for CHINESE -Bad because it used quotas -Just North America |
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Heart Cellar Act 1965
(After McCerran Walter Act) |
-Helped with immediate relatives (europeans) rather than Mexicans becoming citizens
Pros: Got rid of quotas Race and nationality NOT a factor Cons: -Mexicans get deported -Family had priority over skilled workers -Differs from Walter Act because both South American and North America are included |
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Refugees-International Politic and Cold War
East vs West |
West:Good
-Us= *FDR representative of US -Great Britain= *Church Hill representative of Great Britain East:Bad (communism) -Russia: Stalion representative of Russia Germany: Us and Great Britain give back their piece land to Germany, but Russia refused -Russia says they want to keep theirs as a buffer zone against the west; more than geography-> ideological difference. Russia retreats socially-> iron curtain drawn separating two sides again. |
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Internal Security Act 1950
(After Heart Cellar Act) |
-Communist Party
-They want aliens to register under their Communist Party -Deported Mexicans -Accepted people we didn't know "Law abidding Citizens" -Law abidding citizens affiliated with communism end up in jail |
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Refugee (Push/Pull)
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Point of Origin: Baltic States,Cuba,S.E Asia, Russia
Push: They all came because -Religious persecution - Political Upheveal (Didn't agree with Communism) -Capital (Some have money to leave) Pull: US= Good economy - Safety (Political) war was booming economy -our ideals set up this political asylum; people are free to discuss what happened to them in their home countries -Free Speech; Say "I defect" fast track to citizenship and put into political asylum |
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Refugee Acts (1943-1980)
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1.Displaced Persons Act 1948
-Helped those from Baltic States 2. Refugees Act of 1953 - First round of Cubans come to America, come on planes, knew English -Under Castro 2. Refugee Act of 1980 - Cubans from jail and mental institutions, knowns as Marletos, Came on boats -Cuba is helped -HELPED CUBA *All provided political asylum; safety for people fleeing from home land -Major difference is who was assisted: Any country that converted to communism between those dates |
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Refugee
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Someone outside of the country but can't return to their home, because of well founded fear of persecution
*Communism (everyone fears it) |
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Cuban Immigration 1880-1890
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*Vanchete Ebor- Created cigar companies and bombs South Florida economy
-Before Castro |
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Fort Chafee
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-A camp that proved to be law abiding citizens
-1 out of 5 ended up there *Athanlina Rocks: example of a guy in jail but became a citizen *Elvis Presly cut his hair in Fort Chafee |
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Civil Rights Movement
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Major Reasons:
-End Segregation -Ensure voting rights 2nd Reconstruction era -End Segregation (Attempted), didn't work |
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Brown Vs Board
(After First civil rights movement) |
"Ended Segregation"- By law called "De-jour", didn't end in reality
-Separated people by race which is unequal - Contradicted Plessy vs Furegeson "Separate but equal" "Without all deliberate speed" -Whites took their time ex: Remember the Titans (1971) 17 years later. |
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The Black Lash
(After Brown Vs Board) |
*Thurgood Marshall:Lawyer; Won the Case
-Violence and Closing school Whites=Private or home schooled Blacks=Public schools usually closed or bombed -Supreme Court didn't get involved -Congressional Resistance: Southern Manifesto: Southerners would not adhere to Brown v Board (3 senators from the south) *Senator Lyndon Johnson from Texas went against his region and race and adhered to the federal law. -Local Resistance KKK and White citizens council (white political wing) -Change school name to powerful Senators to prevent blacks to come |
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Rosa Park situation started this
-1 year blacks refused bus transportation -After full year it was successful -Boycott was planned Rosa Parks knew this was going to happen *ED Nixon:He was older -Addressed segregation and equality -Chose MLK JR to run boycott, because he was young and smarter Bus boycotts happened in Tallahassee -> Reverend *C.K Steele; minister in this area who helped civil rights movement in FL; helped boycotts in FL; successful because they helped local economy |
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Greensburo, NC
(Wool Worth) |
*John Salter: "White Nigger" sat with the kids
*Anne Moutie: Black woman sit with kids *Anne Moody-Wrote Coming of Age in Mississippi -Talked about how these college students had courage to sit there and not fight back with violence -Hurt business, bad reputation for the US & South, "Peaceful protest" -Wool Worth: Students wanted coffee -Happened at FSU -Northern Government stopped this -People were arrested and beat;Each time it happened more and more people came |
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Albany GA
(No Violence) |
-No violence
*Laurie Prichett : Didn't solve anything -nonviolence -Handshake (greeting) -He arrested everyone for anything because the media wasn't in jail, to get the inside scope and take it to the media -Also arrest made through LOCAL government so federal government won't intervene -Causes a Stalemate:Neither side moves forward - If adults are put in jail then what happens to the kids? |
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Project C
(Confrontations kids) |
Age demonstration in Birmingham
-Children were the demonstrates of violence -More sympathetic than adults -Good because adults could still make money for their families -Bad because US looked bad making children suffer *Bull Connor: released dogs on kids; Bad publicity lead to national news -Lead to integration in the media because African Americans refused to support local businesses that remained segregated |
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
"I have a Dream" (Happens after all of the riots) |
Speech about equality and future
-March on Washington Civil Rights Act of 1964 -One year later passed: Ended Segregation and ensured voting rights -nonviolence didn't work; Civil Rights solved everything *Kennedy proposed Civil Rights Act of 1964 *Linda Johnson signed it because kennedy dies -Before this was passed people doubted the act because it wasn't reality yet |
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Stokely Carmichael
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Created Black Power (Named)
-Ensures social and cultural movements and judicial power -Channeling Malcom X (Not MLK) -He was a separatist (Doesn't want help from whites) -In reality things weren't getting any better although people claimed it was ex) Harlem and Detroit |
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Nation of Islam (Black Muslim)
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-Headquarters in CHICAGO
- *W.D Fard- Founded *Eligh Mohammad- Takes over and is Malcom X mentor -Nation of Islam Non Western Religion -Segregation by choice -Malcom X well known member |
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Malcom X & or Malcom little
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*Alex Hailey: Wrote biography of Malcom X
-Malcom Little --> Malcom X: X represents an unknown variable in math, Didn't want his slave name -Born in Ohamha, NE -Father died and mother was in a mental asylum: Malcom enters a life of crime because he hated whites "White supremacy" -Father killed by whites mother enters depression because of whites leading Malcom X to have a strong hatred towards whites -Phase 1: Crime; nickname "red"; goes to jail because he stole shit -Phase 2:Goes to jail and the Nation of Islam is introduced to him;Pilgramage to Mecca -Phase 3: Goes to Islams sees that whites aren't evil (not about RACE) and that it is a US problem. -Assassinated in Harlem -El-Higi- Means trip to Mecca |
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Urban Riot
1965-1968 |
-South Central LA
-Voice of underclass/inner city -These individuals had yet to see the effects of the Civil Rights movement. Still affected by racial inequality and prejudices. *Marquette Fry: Pulled over drinking and driving -Marc and mom arrested -Neighbors came out and started violence -A riot lasted for days houses burned but no one cared -Blacks burned and looted their own communities in nights of rage. -Called Acts of lawlessness -Things got bad because of MLK assassination -Not all about RACE -EFFECT: migration away from innercity -Devastating effects on inner city, white migration away from intercity as they left so did their money -Indirectly the riots affected race relations as many moderate sympathetic to civil rights movement were outraged by violence and destruction -Racist use the events as propaganda to continue prejudice or steer middle America away from race issues -Polarizes the nation and creates more racial problems |
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Black Panther Party
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*Bobby Seale & Heuy Newton: Founders
-You can be white and join the group; not soley based on race -California -Created for self defense from whites -Defending from white racist, white police, and black criminals who preyed on blacks -formed themselves in response to what happened in Riots of WATTS -Say people have to commit crimes and that blacks have no other choice. Saying that it’s the society and lack of justice that some black people are forced into crime. -They will demand that you do not prey on other blacks—idea of good criminal, bad criminal -10 point platform=Ideas of goals black panther party wanted to do on the white people |
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Example of Civil Rights:
James Chaney Michael Schwerner Andrew Goodman |
2 White, 1 black (Missing)
-MLK puts out an APV (announcement) -August: bodies found -Federal Government called out for action because whites were involved -Would government actually help if no whites were involved? |
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Freedom Summer
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-Blacks & whites vote together?
-If blacks voted whites would get all the credit and Summer didn't want this -Nebshiba County/ Philadelphia; Mississippii -During the voting rights era |
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Fred Hammilton
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-Leader of Black Panther
-Known for his speeches about violence, health care, and education - Chicago: Had party with all Black Panther people -Shot two people inside but no one charged for murder - This occurred after the riots, after the FBI infiltrated the black panther party, and after the black panther party was formed. -Showed that the federal government institutionalized problems -Before this no one viewed it as the "US" as a whole because federal government wasn't involved, instead it was the local governments that were "bad" -Shows that the federal government is now to blame as much as southern racists |
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Cesar Chavez
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Who:Mexican American US citizen
What:Hunger strikes that bring media attention -he changed money, health care, politics=scarfice=success -People were arrested and back on fields Where:California When:1965 Why:Wants equality and better standard of living for those who share his ethnicity -Helps Mexican American and Migrant farmers -took tactics of other people who fought for rights and used civil disobedience-- Ghandi -Economic and social changes—people begin to question the way they’re defined by society. |
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Chicano Pride
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Radical Change (more radical than Cesar Chavez strike)
-1968 -California LA but spread across the US -Labeled by discrimination Chicano -"Walk out" 5 different high schools Mexicans walked out -Seen as destructive lead to beatings and riots similar to Urban Riots (Watz) - Eventually "walk outs"=Success -Caused schools to change rules -Media: "Brown Power"=Mexican Power |
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Jewish Defense League
(JDL) (1968-1972) |
Rabbi: *Meier kahane
What: Jewish Self Defense Where: Brooklyn, New york Why: Echoing sentiments of Black Panther ; Self Defense and changing mindset; raising ethnicity pride -informing people about your identity -Stop letting media,newspaper, movies define you- DEFINE YOURSELF ex) Kravmaga:Isralie Army self defense - Instead of learning self defense he would take the gun out of others - Very violent; take the weapon for himself |
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Red Power
(Reverse Trail of Tears) |
-Not a political group;not a push for governors and senators
RACE=Native American -equivalent to black panther/black power predominately a youth movement to instill pride and self defense -2 types of indians: Traditional and Assimilated -Washington: Fish in's (1964) *Bob Sittacom:Leader of Pullop Fish in *Marlem Brando: In the godfather:Commited himself to the Fish in movement -US tried to force Native Americans to leave so they could open resorts and mansions -Native Americans pist, but US uses non violence to get them to leave |
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A.I.M
(American Indian Movement) |
July 1968- Minniapolis
-Purpose: Native American Pride/self defense/identity, promote Native American pride -Tatic: Mobilization,organization, Guerilla Theater & attention Mobilization: group solidarity through a march Organization: through AIM *Guriella Theatre:Non conventional -At first not violent, lead to violence - The Actraz is an abandoned govt building that Indians claim they should be able to get the land of due to the treaty of fort Elliot. However they are always asked to leave. closed in 1964, which leads to Richard Oaks |
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Richard Oaks (AIM)
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-Member of AIM
-Showed up in Canoes and saw Alcatraz (Federal govt provided this) -AIM used as a platform to get their message across; and came in large numbers to prove a message Success:Socially because more and more Americans began to realize the hardships Native Americans face. Failed:Politically -13 months later federal govt took Alcatraz back -Used his death to call attention to problems |
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Trail of Tears renamed: Trail of Broken Treaties
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-West to East
-1972 *Ruben Snake & Bob Burnett -Wanted to secure houses for AIM but failed -proposed 20 points to Nixon (But no points accepted or politically successful) -Ended up stuck in churches -BIA let them stay without telling security -Not politically successful but Social victory -This is to cause change in America |
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Dick Wilson
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Leader of Pine Ridge (Native American)
-Sellout (Name change to American) -1973 govt likes him but also have problems -Native American endorsed by the federal government *Goons police force (named for hockey) -Guardians of Agalla nations -AIM replaces Wilson with group of elder -FBI ends this to promise safety and equality for Native Americans -AIM accepted -FBI lied and broke the promise leading to the "reigh of terror" *Dick Wilson "reigh of terror"(shoot out) -1975 2 FBI dead/AIM dead Leads to Lenoir Pelteir |
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Lenor Peteir
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Pineridge 1975
-member of AIM -Local (thug)(pimp): Accused of murder -evidence: Someone needs to be blamed -escapes to Canada:Illegally brought back -found guilty but wasn't Still in jail TODAY |
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Blaxploritation
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What it means to be black in US
-Exploited social problems |
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Malcom X: "The hate that Hate produced" (1968) Movies
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Documentary 1959
Blaxploitation: Malcom X--Superfly(Hollywood image of African Americans) -Whites fear success of movie which Calls attention to society *Ronald Collins(Malcom X nephew):Biased perspective stated that it only showed potential violence coming from the Nation of Islam and did not set up the surrounding society that created the backlash -Talked about animosity from Islam -So that African Americans shouldn't join Islam Ellas Little(Malcom X sister): Talked about her view of Islam -Self defense/help themselves -Modern African Americans should join Nation of Islam No lynching in this movie |
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Uptight (1968)
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Created three years after Malcom X died
-Based on the "informer" (1930) -Weak story line taken from Irish -Doesn't Sell because whites either didn't care and it had a weak plot -Blacks didn't watch because the movie was fake and imitated white POV |
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Odd Man Out 1947 "Old Version"
The Lost Man 1969 |
Hollywood tried again
-Resembles the old version in 1940 -Old= IRA rob banks, bail out members, buy weapons for war -NEW= same thing but for RACE war not weapons for war -Doesn't sell no one cares to see them |
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Sydney Portiet
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-Biggest black cinema star
-Resembled Ashton Kutcher (Angel) -The "lost Man" star -Before Denzel Washington *Melvin Van Peebles: Says if the right person does the film then it will sell Not Black Films Precursors |
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Sweet Sweetbacks Badass Song (1971)
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-1971: Staring MALVIN VAN PEEBLES (wrote/directed)
-1st movie to make a lot of money$$$ -Proves blacks aren't what people think (Sweetback is a hero) -dedicated to people who were fed up with white men/power (Black people) -Feared him of coming back from Canada |
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Haki R. Madhubuti
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-The movie doesn't represent being black
-Sweet back opposing Van Peeble -Made fantasies of what his point of view of the black community is -Successful (Before sun dance) -1st film to change "Shaft" (1971) (RACE) -He has to save a "Mexican" from the Mafia -put Son in inner city of the black community 2nd movie "Shaft in Africa" -EPIC FAILED |
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"Sweet Sweetbacks Badass songs"
(backround) |
*Bill Cosby: Donates $30,000 to the movie
-Income and jobs for black people *Heuy Newton: Thought the movie was revolutionary -prostitutes have sex with him and this baptists him into adulthood *Leoron Bennett:Says the movie is not revolutionary -Creates racial and social problems |
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Superfly (1972)
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Hero: Black pimp drug dealer
Enemy:Whites who politically corrupted the system -Went against the norm |
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Blacula (1973)
Blackenstein (1972) |
-Creators of these movies were white
--"The Ugly" White point of view -The only thing that remained "black" were the actors -Sends a message to the world, but we wanted these black movies to stay between the US only -Leads everyone to marketing their own movies on ethnicity |
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Three the Hard Way (1974)
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-Message was blacks were not created the same as whites
ex)If black drank out of a poisoned cup he would die, if white drank out of same cup he would live |
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RZA
(TV) |
Associated with Wu Tang Clan
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Dezi Arnez
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Married to Lucy Ball
Lucy:White Dezi:Cuban American |
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Patronship
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Whites have to take care of blacks because they need assistance
-Show: Different Strokes -ex)Braddy Bunch and Blindside |
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Roots
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-Impacted all of America
-Shows started to reference back to Roots -Point of it: Whites trying to control black slave ex) Toby vs Kutekinte |
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Joe Jitzu
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Looks like Tojo:Which is why its offensive
-Based on old stereotype for audience to laugh at RACE -Acceptable in the 60's laugh at but over time it got offensive |
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Arseno Hall
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-Hes an example of Black entertainer
Black entertainer: Audience are black -Defines who they are -Talk about black jokes Entertainer who is black: Defines the show -Denzel Washington, Will Smith |
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TV Wrestling
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First time cultures/races are mixed and accepted
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TV Stereotypes
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Asian Men:Weak
Asian Woman:Sexually aggressive Latin Woman: Sexually aggressive |
