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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indoor air pollution |
big problem in North America |
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Most aerosols in the stratosphere come from... |
volcanic sources |
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Ground level ozone |
Stratospheric ozone |
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AQHI |
based on levels of ground level ozone, fine particulate matter, airborne level |
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Ozone in the stratosphere |
selectively absorbs radiation |
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incoming solar radiation (top of atmosphere) and outgoing Earth radiation from the surface are approximately balanced |
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Radiation emitted from Earth’s surface is concentrated in the __________ portion of the electromagnetic spectrum |
infared |
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formation of methane gas hydrates deep in the ocean |
not a consequence of global warming |
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possible beneficial impact of global warming is |
a fertilizing effect on plant growth as a result of increased availability of carbon dioxide |
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most of the mass of radiatively active gases reside in |
the troposphere |
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not all oil in underground reservoirs are extracted because |
it's very difficult to extract, and therefore the cost is high |
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The world's energy consumption is currently dominated by |
oil |
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Because of our very heavy reliance on fossil fuels |
we should be concerned about completely draining Earth’s energy resources within the next few decades |
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oil typically |
forms in a shallow marine environment |
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coal typically |
consists of the altered remains of land plants from swamps |
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what is not an environmental impact that is commonly associated with the extraction or use of coal |
tropospheric ozone depletion |
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polar vortex |
a tightly-circulating wind system, geographically centred over each of the poles (North and South) |
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What causes acid precipitation? |
acid-forming chemical reactions involving sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide with water vapour in the atmosphere |
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where would you expect ozone depletion to be the most severe and when? |
Antarctica in the austral spring |
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Secondary pollutants |
formed by reactions between primary pollutants, or between primary pollutants and constituents of the atmosphere |
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"Stratospheric ozone acts as an atmospheric blind in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum." |
ozone in the stratosphere selectively absorbs ultraviolet radiation |
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Milankovitch cycles |
cyclical variation in the combined influence of astronomical controls on solar radiation reaching the Earth system |
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Which of the following would constitute a mitigation approach to climate change? |
lowering carbon dioxide emissions |
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Isotopic studies help scientists understand more about ancient processes in the environment because stable isotopes of common elements |
are segregated or fractionated by natural processes such as precipitation and evaporation |
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proxy climate indicator |
indirect evidence that substitutes for direct observational or measured evidence |
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As a cloud drifts northward from the equator, steadily losing moisture through precipitation on its journey, the 18O/16O ratio of the precipitation from the cloud would most likely |
gradually decrease |
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Phenology |
the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate |
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External radiative forcing refers to |
anything outside of the Earth system that causes a change in net irradiance |
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If a cloud drifts inland from the ocean toward the interior of a continent, losing moisture through precipitation as it goes, the water vapour remaining in the cloud would most likely |
become isotopically lighter |
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Petroleum |
oil and natural gas |
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Before the Industrial Revolution in the 1700s and 1800s, the resource that provided the most energy for cooking, heating, and industrial processes was |
Wood |
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Secondary extraction of petroleum |
uses solvents, water, or steam to mobilize the oil |
