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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Imaging items on the sea floor by using acoustics (or the transmission and retrieval of sound waves) is a process using |
Side-scan sonar |
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Active sonars differs from passive sonar in that active sonar |
Uses sound to probe as well as listen |
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The thermocline in the following diagram ends at approximately what depth? |
1000 meters |
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A zone in which the ocean's salinity increases rapidly with increasing depth is called: |
a halocline |
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The region below the sea surface where density increases rapidly is called the _________________ |
pycnocline |
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Match the following terms to its description - Thermocline - Halocline - Pycnocline |
Ther.: Separates colder water below with warmer water above Halo.: Separates saltier water below with fresher water above Pycn.: Separates denser water below with less dense water above |
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When seawater freezes into ice, how does the ice compare to the water left behind? |
The ice contains almost no salts |
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The transmission of sound by water can best be described by which of the following statements: |
It is much more efficient than transmission by air |
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What type of bonds holds the water molecules together with other water molecules? |
Hydrogen bonds |
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The following object was weighed on a balance (scale) and was put into a graduated cylinder (as shown). What object is this? Calculator may be needed. |
Platinum (density = 21.4 g/ml) |
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The following object was weighed on a balance (scale) and was put into a graduated cylinder (as shown). What object is this? Calculator may be needed. |
Copper (density = 9.0 g/ml) |
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Which of the following would decrease the density of seawater? |
Decrease pressure |
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The densest seawater is the: |
coldest and saltiest |
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The density of a parcel of seawater will increase |
when the salinity increases or temperature decreases |
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130 calories of heat is removed from 1 gram of liquid water at 50 degree Celsius. What is the final state and temperature of this substance? (latent heat of fusion = 80cal/g°C, latent heat of vaporization = 540 cal/g°C) |
Ice at zero degrees Celsius |
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100 calories is added to 1 gram of water at 80 degrees Celsius. What is the final temperature and state of this substance? (latent heat of fusion = 80 cal/g°C, latent heat of vaporization = 540 cal/g° C) |
Water at 100 degrees Celsius |
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Which of the following takes more heat? |
Converting 1 gram of liquid at 100 degrees Celsius into 1 gram of vapor at 100 degrees Celsius |
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The amount of heat needed to convert 1 gram of ice into 1 gram of liquid is referred to as the:
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latent heat of fusion.
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The amount of heat needed to turn 1 gram of ice into 1 gram of water is _____ of heat required to turn 1 gram of water into 1 gram of water vapor. |
less than the amount
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Going from a liquid to a solid (freezing) does what to the surrounding environment?
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Warms the environment |
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Going from a solid to a vapor (sublimation) does what to the surrounding environment?
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Cools the environment
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The main carrier of heat between the warm tropics and the cold polar regions is |
the atmosphere
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Which of the following statements regarding Heat Capacity is TRUE? |
Water has a much larger heat capacity compared to soil |
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Which of the following statements regarding light is TRUE? |
The color white is really just a combination of all colors.
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What causes sound or light waves to bend in a process called 'refraction?' |
refraction occurs when a wave enter a different medium (typically a different density) |
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Chemical equilibrium refers to |
the fact salts are entering the oceans at the same rate they are leaving |
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Which of the following statements regarding salts is TRUE? |
Sodium and chloride are held together by ionic bonds |
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What is the approximate mixing time of the world ocean? |
about 1,600 years |
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The ions present in seawater alters the characteristics of pure water in all of the following ways except |
the ions cause cells placed in seawater to burst |
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The term 'salinity' refers to |
the total amount of dissolved solids in the ocean |
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Carbon dioxide is typically higher at the bottom of the ocean because |
The lower temperature and higher pressure means more solubility |
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Oxygen is high near the surface of the ocean because |
sunlight is abundant for photosynthesis |
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The amount of gas that seawater can hold in solution will be greater |
in colder water |
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Which of the following statements regarding buffers is true |
Buffers in our ocean prevent large PH swings |
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Which of the following is true of acids? |
PH values are less than 7.0 |
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What is the PH of pure water? |
7 |
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Milk (PH=6-0) is ______________ times more acidic than ammonia (PH=10.0) |
10,000 |
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Seawater (PH=8.0) is __________ times more alkaline than tomatoes (PH=4.0) |
10,000 |
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Match the letters on the map to the corresponding air mass description |
A – The ITCZ (or Doldrums), B – Hadley Cell, C – Ferrell Cell, D – Polar Cell |
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The air mass behind a warm front is usually ___________ than the air in front of it |
warmer and moister |
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The boundary between two air masses is called a(an) |
front |
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The front closets to Indianapolis is a(an) |
warm front |
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In what layer of the atmosphere do hurricane occur? |
Troposhere |
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What component is the 2nd most abundant in the Earth's atmosphere? |
Oxygen |
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding a descending air parcel containing water vapor (any number of answers are possible) |
The air parcel can contain more water vapor, precipitation is less likely |
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What happens to an ascending (rising) air parcel? |
Expands and cools |
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Which air mass is the most dense? |
CP (cold and dry) |
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Earth is 'tilted' at about 23 1/2° relative to its orbital plane around the sun. This causes: |
The change in temperature and climate known as the seasons., the periods of illumination (or darkness) at the poles that last for 6 months., longer day lengths in the United States during summer., higher summer temperatures. |
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Rain shadows are normally found on |
the leeward side of a mountain |
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Which of the following statements regarding Monsoons is TRUE? |
The biggest monsoons occur in India |
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Which of the following statements regarding Land Breezes is TRUE? |
Land breezes typically occur at night |
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The leeward side of the mountain shown below is letter |
B |
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According to the atmospheric circulation model, air tends to: |
rise at 60° north and fall at 30° north |
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What latitude below would you typically find sinking air? |
30 degrees at the poles |
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The dependable surface winds of the Earth centered at about 15° north and south latitudes are called |
the trade winds |
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The 'doldrums' are a region of __________ winds found________ |
low winds .. near the equator |
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The wind at Cheyenne, Wyoming are from the __________ while the winds at Dallas, TX are from the ____________ |
north ... east |
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Match the following weather characteristics with the map shown below: |
Highest Winds – Chicago, Illinois, 2nd highest winds – Seattle, Washington, 3rd highest winds – Buffalo, New York, least winds – Jacksonville, Florida |
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Which region is most likely to experience rainy conditions? |
Regions where there is upward movement of air |
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Where is the Coriolis Effect NOT felt? |
On the equator |
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If viewed from above, what direction do tornadoes "normally" rotate in the northern hemisphere? |
Most, but not all rotate counterclockwise |
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If the hurricane below is heading in the direction shown, what city would experience the highest winds? (Assume northern hemisphere) |
B |
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When viewed from above, tropical cyclones rotate ______________ in the SOUTHERN hemisphere. |
Clockwise |
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Which Atlantic hurricane holds the record for lowest central pressure? |
Hurricane Wilma |
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Winds at the "center" of a hurricane |
sink |
