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10 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
If we are given the information that in order to vote in a presidential election, you must be at least 18 years of age, and that Will voted in the last presidential election, we can logically conclude that Will is at least 18 years old. This is an example of using _____ reasoning.
b. deductive
Consider the following syllogism:

All cats are birds
All birds have wings
All cats have wings

This syllogism is
valid.
If it is raining, then I will take my umbrella. It is not raining. Therefore, I didn’t take my umbrella.
denying the antecedent.
Consider the following conditional syllogism:

Premise 1: If I study, then I’ll get a good grade.
Premise 2: I got a good grade.
Conclusion: Therefore, I studied.

This syllogism is
invalid.
The finding that people tend to incorrectly conclude that more people die from tornados than from asthma has been explained in terms of the
availability heuristic.
Wally and Sharon are out on a date. When Sharon asks Wally where they should go for dinner, Wally says “My coworkers keep telling me about that new Japanese place downtown, so it must be a great place to eat.” Wally’s response illustrates the use of a(n)
availability heuristic.
One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-card problem is that they
ignore the falsification principle.
Consider the following argument:
Observation: Here in Nashville, the sun has risen every morning.
Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow.
The argument is strong, because there are a large number of observations.
Bonnie has ordered her monthly supply of medicines through the mail for the past five years. Except for one order, all orders have arrived within two business days. Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. Bonnie is using
inductive reasoning.
Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy as undergraduate. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations. Which of the following alternatives is most probable?
Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman.