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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is the principle of control/comparison so important in an experiment?
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To neutralize the effect of lurking variables and measure treatment differences.
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Randomized Block Design
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TF A randomized block design should be used when the subjects within groups (called blocks) are similar in ways that affect the response variable, but different from one block to the next.
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The following is a benefit of randomized block design (RBD)
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TF In a randomized block design, treatments are randomly assigned to subjects within each block
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Matched Pairs study
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replicator
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TF: Hidden bias can be reduced by treating all subjects identically.
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Gas mileage was compared for Premium and Regular gas for twenty Toyota Prius's. (A Prius is a new hybrid car.) Each car was run on a tank of Premium gas and on a tank of Regular gas. Before the study, a coin was tossed for each car. If the coin was heads, the car was first tested with Premium gas; if the coin was tails, the car was first tested with Regular gas. At the end of the study, average miles per gallon for the two types of gas was compared. What type of study is this?
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There are two treatments Each car gets two treatments. And then the treatments are compared. This is a matched pairs experiment.
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People who eat lots of fruits and vegetables have lower rates of colon cancer than those who eat little of these foods. Fruits and vegetables are rich in "antioxidants" such as vitamins A, C, and E. Will taking antioxidants help prevent colon cancer? A medical experiment studied this question with 864 people who were at risk of colon cancer. The subjects were divided into four groups: daily beta-carotene, daily vitamins C and E, all three vitamins (beta-carotene, vitamins C and E) every day, or daily placebo. After four years, the researchers were surprised to find no significant difference in colon cancer rates among the groups. What is the explanatory variable?
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