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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Punishment
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Punishment:
A particular behavior occurs, A consequence immediately follows the behavior, As a result, the behavior is less likely to occur again in the future. |
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Punisher
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Punisher (Aversive Stimulus)
is a consequencec that makes a particular behavior less likely to occurs in the future. |
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How do you know it is a punisher?
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You can only define it as a punisher if the behavior decreases in the future.
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Postive Punishment
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Postive Punishment:
The occurance of a behavior, is followed by the presentation of an aversive stimulus, and as a result, the behavior is less likely to occur in the future. |
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Negative Punishment
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Negative Punishment:
The occurance of a behavior, is followed by the removal of a reinforcing stimulus, and as a result the behavior is less likely to occur in the future. |
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Premack principle
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Premack principle states that when a person is made to enage in a low probability behavior contingent on a high probability behavior, the high probability behavior will decrease in frequency.
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Is there an extinction burst with punishment?
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NO
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Define two types of negative punishment
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Time out from positive reinforcement
AND Response Cost. Both involve loss of a reinforcing stimulus or activity after the occurance of a problem behavior. |
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Unconditioned Punishers
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Unconditioned Punishers:
painful stimulis or extreme levels of stimulation |
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Conditioned Punisher
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Conditioned Punisher:
stimuli or events that function as a punisher only after being paired with unconditioned punishers or other existing conditioned punishers. i.e. Parking ticket |
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Generalized Conditoned Punisher
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Generalized Conditoned Punisher:
stimuli that has been paired with a variety of other unconditioned and conditioned punishers over the course of a persons life. i.e. Word "NO" |
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Factors that Influence the Effectiveness of Punishment:
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Immediacy: faster after the response more likely the behavior to weaken.
Contingency: punishing stimulus must occur every time the behavior occurs. Establishing operations: event or a condition that makes the consequence more effective as a punisher. i.e. deprivation...drugs Characteristic of the Consequence: the more intense the aversive stimulus the more effective punisher. |
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Problems with punishment:
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Aggression
Escape/Avoidance Behavior (runaway and hide) Negative Reinforcement of the Use of Punishment Punishment may be modeled. Ethical Issues |
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Punishment must always be used in conjuction with:
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Punishment must always be used in conjuction with "positive reinforcement"
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