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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The tendency of atoms, molecules, adn ions in a liquid or air that tend to move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
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Diffusion
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The difference in concentrations
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Concentration gradient
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The point at which there is no further net movement, and teh concentration of a substance is uniform throughout
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Diffusional Equilibrium
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The diffusion of substances such as ions, potassium and Chloride through protein channels in the membrane
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Facilitated Diffusion
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The movement of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane into a compartment containing solute that cannot cross the same membrane
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Osmosis
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High concentration of solute =
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Hypertonic
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Low concentration of solute =
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Hypotonic
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Define Each Cell as hyper, Hypo, or Isotonic:
A B C |
A - Hypertonic
B - Isotonic C - Hypotonic |
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The net movement of particles against the concentration gradient
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Active Transport
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Molecules that are too large to enter the cell through diffision or active transport are conveyed in a vesicel that forms from a section of a cell membrane
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Endocytosis
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A methoid of endocytosis that moves very specific particles into the cell
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receptor-mediated endocytosis
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Substances made in the cell are packaged into a vesicle, and released out side the cell membrane
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Exocytosis
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Selectively and rapidly transport substances from one end of the cell to the other
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Transcytosis
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What is the difference between Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis
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Pinocytosis - deals with liquids
Phagocytosis - deals with solids |
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What are some passive processes of movements into and out of a cell?
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Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Filtration |
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What are some active process of movement into and out of a cell?
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Active Transport
Endocytosis Exocytosis Transcytosis |
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Phase in which cell grows and DNA is replicated
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Interphase
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Phase in which chromatin condenses into chromosomes and centrioles move to opposite sides of the cytoplasm
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Prophase
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Spindle fibers from the centrioles attach to the centromeres and chromosomes align midway between the centrioles
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Metaphase
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Chromatids of the chromosomes separate, spindle fibers shorten and pull the new individual chromosomes toward centrioles
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Anaphase
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Phase in which chromosomes elongate and form chromatin threads, nuclear membrane form around each chromosome set
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Telophase
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What phase does cytokinesis begin
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Anaphase
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What controls the rate of a reaction with respect to metabolism
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enzymes
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The sum of chemical reactions in the cell
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metabolism
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Pathway in which larger molecules are constructed from smaller ones; requiring input of energy
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Anabolism
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Pathway in which larger molecules are constructed from smaller ones; requiring input of energy
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Anabolism
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When larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones; releasing energy
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Catabolism
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Reverse Glycolysis
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Gluconeogenesis
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A molecule that carries energy in a form that the cell can use
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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
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An ATP molecule that loses its terminal phosphate becomes...
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ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
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The reattaching of a phosphate; ATP resynthesizing from ADP by using energy released from cellular respiration to reattach a phosphate
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Phosphorylation
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An anabolic process; used to make polysaccharides, tryglycerides, and proteins; produces water i.e loss of water
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Dehydration Synthesis
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A catabolic process (uses water); used to decompose carbs, lipids, and proteins; Water used to split substances; reverse dehydration synthesis
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Hydrolysis
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Always end in an -ase
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Enzyme
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A reaction that requires ATP to to move forward
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Endergonic
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A reaction that releases ATP
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Exorgonic
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Type of reaction that requires Oxygen for cellular respiration
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Aerobic
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Type of reaction that does not require Oxygen during cellular respiration
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Anaerobic
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What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration
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Oxygen is required to move beyond the glycolysis phase of respiration an into the electron transport chain
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Under what conditions does a cell produce lactic acid
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When oxygen is not present (anaerobic)
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What is energy
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The capacity to change something; The ability to do work.
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The proecss that transfers energy from molecules such as glucose and makes it available for cellular use
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Cellular respiration
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What is the net yeild of ATP for glycolysis
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2 ATP's
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What carries electrons in cellular respiration
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NADH or FADH2
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Loss of e-
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Oxidation
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Gain of e-
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Reduction
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What are the 3 major processes of cellular respiration
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1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle (KREBS) 3. Electron Transport Chain |
