Quiz 2, Anatomy And Physiology: Chemistry And Cell

Front 1

Atoms that gain or lose electrons and become electrically charged are called...

Back 1

ions

Front 2

A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally resulting in a molecule whose shape gives an uneven distrubition of charges

Back 2

polar

Front 3

The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polare molecule is called a...

Back 3

hydrogen bond

Front 4

2 or more atoms may combine to form a...

Back 4

Molecule

Front 5

If atoms of different elements combine, they form...

Back 5

compound

Front 6

Describe two ways that atoms may combine with other atoms?

Back 6

Ionically or Covalently

Front 7

Shorthand used to depict the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule

Back 7

Molecular Formula

Front 8

Illustration with lines connecting molecules together

Back 8

Structural Formula

Front 9

What's the difference between a polar molecule and an ion

Back 9

A polar molecule is a covalent bond with in which electrons are not shared equally.

Front 10

A polar molecule has an ______ number of electrons. (equal or unequal)

Back 10

Unequal

Front 11

What are some properties of Water

Back 11

surface tension, solvent, Hydrogen bonds for a lattice structure when frozen, transport, cohesive

Front 12

what are some technologies that utilize the polar nature of water

Back 12

Ultrasound and MRI

Front 13

What does a pH scale measure?

Back 13

Hydrogen ion concentration

Front 14

Chemicals that resisist pH change are called

Back 14

Buffers

Front 15

Substance formed by the reaction between an acid and a base

Back 15

Salt

Front 16

Substance that releases H+ ions

Back 16

Acid

Front 17

Substance that accepts H+ ions

Back 17

Base

Front 18

Chemical compounds that contain Carbon and Hydrogen

Back 18

Organic

Front 19

Substances that usually dissociate in water, forming ions

Back 19

inorganic compounds

Front 20

A substance that completely dissolves in water

Back 20

Electrolyte

Front 21

A substance that partially or doesn't dissolve in water

Back 21

Non-Electrolyte

Front 22

The maintenance of ions within the body in certain concentrations

Back 22

Electrolyte Balance

Front 23

These provide much of the energy that cells require and are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Back 23

Carbohydrates

Front 24

Glucose and Starch are examples of...

Back 24

Carbohydrates

Front 25

Group of organic chemicals that are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ether and cholorform?

Back 25

Lipids

Front 26

Single C-C bonds link all the carbon atoms are called _______ fatty acid

Back 26

Saturated

Front 27

Structural materials, energy sources and chemical messengers (hormones)

Back 27

Proteins

Front 28

Proteins play vital roles in metabolism as _____

Back 28

enzymes

Front 29

What key element does protein always include

Back 29

Nitrogen (Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen and sometimes Sulfur)

Front 30

What are the building blocks of proteins

Back 30

Amino Acis

Front 31

What are the building blocks of Lipids

Back 31

Glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate groups

Front 32

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates

Back 32

Sugars

Front 33

What are the building blocks of Nucleic Acids

Back 33

Nucleotides

Front 34

Tryglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids are examples of...

Back 34

Lipids

Front 35

Peptides are examples of...

Back 35

Proteins

Front 36

RNA and DNA are examples of

Back 36

Nucleic Acids

Front 37

Name the major parts of a cell?

Back 37

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, adn Cell Membrane

Front 38

This contains the genetic material (DNA) which directs the cell's functions

Back 38

Nucleus

Front 39

Composed of specialized structurs called cytoplasmic organelles suspended in a liquid called cytosol

Back 39

Cytoplasm

Front 40

Loosely coiled fibers containing protein and DNA within the nucleus

Back 40

Chromatin

Front 41

Location of ATP production from digested food molecules

Back 41

Mitochondrion

Front 42

Small RNA-containing particles for the synthesis of proteins

Back 42

Ribosome

Front 43

Membranous sac formed by the pinching off of pieces of cell membrane

Back 43

Vesicle (Vacoule)

Front 44

Dense body of RNA within the nucleus

Back 44

Nucleolus

Front 45

Slender tubes that provide movement in cilia and flagella

Back 45

Microtubule

Front 46

Organelles composed of membrane-bound sacs, canals, and vesicles for tubular transport

Back 46

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 47

Occupies space between the cell membrane and nucleus

Back 47

Cytoplasm

Front 48

Flattened membranous sacs that package a secretion

Back 48

Golgi apparatus

Front 49

Membranous sac that contains digestive enzymes

Back 49

Lysosome

Front 50

Separates nuclear contents from cytoplasm

Back 50

Nuclear envelope

Front 51

Spherical organelle that contains chromatin and nucleolus

Back 51

Nucleus

Front 52

Mainly composed of lipids and proteins

Back 52

Cell Membrane

Front 53

Membrane protein that receives and transmits messages into a cell

Back 53

Receptor Protein

Front 54

Membrane protein that forms pores, channels and carries in cell membrane, dransduce signals

Back 54

Integral proteins

Front 55

Protein that enables certain cells to touch or bind

Back 55

Cellular Adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Front 56

A + B >>>>> AB

Back 56

Synthesis Reaction: When 2 or more atoms bond to form a complex structure

Front 57

AB >>>>> A + B

Back 57

Decomposition Reaction: When a Bond breaks to form simpler molecules, atoms, or ions

Front 58

AB + CD >>>>> AD + CB

Back 58

Exchange Reaction: Parts of 2 different types of molecules as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed

Front 59

A + B >>><<< AB

Back 59

Reversible Reaction: The products can change back into the original reactant

Front 60

1

Back 60

Cell Membrane

Front 61

2

Back 61

Vesicle (Secretory Structure)

Front 62

3

Back 62

Golgi Apparatus

Front 63

4

Back 63

Ribosome

Front 64

5

Back 64

Rough ER

Front 65

6

Back 65

Nuclelous

Front 66

10

Back 66

Smooth ER

Front 67

11

Back 67

Centresome

Front 68

12

Back 68

Cytoplasm

Front 69

13

Back 69

Mitochondrion

Front 70

14

Back 70

Lysosome