Chapter 1 Questions

Front 1

Megan was certain that she would never love far away from her family. However, when offered a better job in another state, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates ____________

Back 1

Overconfidence

Hint 1

What did Megan feel to do this?

Front 2

The scientific attitude of humility is most likely to be undermined by __________

Back 2

The hindsight bias

Hint 2

...

Front 3

Which perspective studies the relative contributions of our genes and our environment on our individual differences?

Back 3

Behavior genetics

Hint 3

Involves Genes

Front 4

The American Psychological Association's ethics code urges investigators to-

Back 4

Explain the research to the participants after the study has been completed

Hint 4

What to do after evaluating after an experiment

Front 5

Which perspective studies the relative contributions of our genes and our environment on our individual differences?

Back 5

Behavior Genetics

Hint 5

....

Front 6

Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to isolate-

Back 6

causes from effects.

Hint 6

...

Front 7

John B. Watson is to Edwards Titchener as _________ is to __________

Back 7

observable behavior; inner sensations

Hint 7

See v Feel

Front 8

Behaviorism dismisses the value of ________________

Back 8

introspection

Hint 8

...

Front 9

On a series of coin tosses, Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails seven times in a row. In this instance, we can reasonably conclude that Oleg's predictive accuracy-

Back 9

is a random and coincidental occurrence

Hint 9

Is it coincidental?

Front 10

The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to it's capacity to generate testable _____________.

Back 10

predictions

Hint 10

Predict what it is

Front 11

Dr. Santaniello conducts research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ____________ psychologist.

Back 11

developmental

Hint 11

...

Front 12

The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ___________ group.

Back 12

experimental

Hint 12

Lab

Front 13

If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of children is -1.00, this would indicate that-

Back 13

better reading ability is associated with power physical weight among children.

Hint 13

...

Front 14

In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that-

Back 14

the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying.

Hint 14

...

Front 15

The nature-nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that ____________ make to the development of psychological traits.

Back 15

genes and experience

Hint 15

It runs in you

Front 16

An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability. A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates-

Back 16

an operational definition.

Hint 16

...

Front 17

Which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group?

A) The experimenter exerts the greatest influence on participant's behavior.

participants are exposed to all the different experimental treatments.

B) The research participants are exposed to all the different experimental treatments.C) The research participants are exposed to the most favorable levels of experimental treatment.D) The experimental treatment is absent.

C) The research participants are exposed to the most favorable levels of experimental treatment.

D) The experimental treatment is absent.

Back 17

The experiment treatment is absent

Front 18

Different accounts of the same behavior that together give us a more complete understanding represent different-

Back 18

levels of analysis

Hint 18

...

Front 19

Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and military predictions will come true most clearly demonstrate _____________.

Back 19

overconfidence.

Hint 19

Almost prideful.

Front 20

Which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in applied research?

Back 20

Industrial-Organizational psychologists

Hint 20

...

Front 21

In the early twentieth century, ____________ redefined psychology as "the science of observable behavior."

Back 21

John B. Watson

Hint 21

Another name for a toilet

Front 22

Nature is to nurture as-

Back 22

biology is to experience.

Hint 22

Focusing on genetics-Behavior learned from environment

Front 23

In 1879, in psychology's first experiment, ___________ and his students measured the time lag between hearing a ball hit a platform and pressing a key.

Back 23

Wilhelm Wundt

Hint 23

The creator of Psychology

Front 24

William James would be considered a(n) __________. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener would be considered ________________.

Back 24

functionalist; structuralists

Hint 24

...

Front 25

"Nurture works on what nature endows." Describe what this means in your own words.

Back 25

The environment(nurture) has an influence on us, but that influence is constrained by our biology(nature). Nature and nurture interact. People predisposed to be very tall (nature), for example, are unlikely to become Olympic gymnasts, no matter how hard they work (nurture).

Hint 25

Just interpret it bro

Front 26

A psychologist treating emotionally troubled adolescents at a local mental health agency is most likely to be a _______________.

Back 26

clinical psychologist.

Hint 26

In the medical field

Front 27

A mental health professional with a medical degree who can prescribe medication is a ________________.

Back 27

psychologist

Hint 27

What you want to be.

Front 28

A psychologist conducting basic research to expand psychology's knowledge base would be most likely to-

Back 28

observe 3-and 6-year olds solving puzzles and analyze differences in their abilities.

Hint 28

...

Front 29

____________ ___________ refers to our tendency to perceive events as obvious or inevitable after the fact.

Back 29

Hindsight bias

Hint 29

...

Front 30

As scientists, psychologists-

Back 30

are willing to ask questions and to reject claims that that cannot be verified by research.

Hint 30

Almost like a lawyer

Front 31

How can you use your knowledge of the scientific attitude to help you evaluate claims in the media, even if you're not a scientific expert on the issue?

Back 31

The scientific attitude teaches us to look for evidence instead of relying on our often fallible intuition. In evaluating a claim in the media, look for any signs of empirical evidence, preferably from several studies. Ask the following questions in your analysis: Are claims based on scientific findings? Have several studies replicated the findings and confirmed them? Are any experts cited? If so, research their background. Are they affiliated with a credible university, college, or institution? Have they conducted or written about scientific research?

Hint 31

...

Front 32

A study finds that the more childbirth training classes women attend, the less pain medication they require during childbirth. This finding can be stated as a ___________(positive/negative) correlation.

Back 32

negative

Hint 32

How?

Front 33

Knowing that two events are correlated provides-

Back 33

a basis for prediction.

Hint 33

....

Front 34

The predictions implied by a theory are called ___________.

Back 34

hypothesis

Hint 34

Was a huge part of our High School labs

Front 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the techniques psychologists use to observe and describe behavior?

A) A case study

B) Naturalistic observation

C) Correlation research

D) A phone survey

Back 35

Correlations research

Hint 35

...

Front 36

You wish to take an accurate poll in a certain country by questioning people who truly represent the country's adult population. Therefore, you need to ensure that you question a _________ sample of the population.

Back 36

representative

Hint 36

Someone who is truly a representative

Front 37

To explain behaviors and clarify cause and effect, psychologists use _____________.

Back 37

experiments

Hint 37

Lab work to verify information

Front 38

To test the effect of a new drug on depression, we randomly assign people to control and experimental groups. Those in the control group take a pill that contains no medication. This is a ____________________.

Back 38

placebo

Hint 38

...

Front 39

In a double blind procedure,

Back 39

neither the participants are nor the researcher will ask people to volunteer for the experimental group or the control group.

Hint 39

Neither side can do anything

Front 40

A researcher wants to determine whether noise level affects workers' blood pressure. In one group, she varies the level of noise in the environment and records participants' blood pressure. In this experiment, the level of noise is the _________________ _________________.

Back 40

independent variable

Hint 40

X axis

Front 41

In defending their experimental research with animals, psychologists have noted that

A) animal's physiogy and behavior can tell us much about our own.

B) animal experimentation sometimes helps animals as well as humans.

C) advancing the well-being of humans justifies animal experimentation.

D) All of these statements are correct

Back 41

All of these statements are correct

Hint 41

All of these sound correct

Front 42

The laboratory environment is designed to-

Back 42

recreate psychological forces under controlled conditions.

Hint 42

Recreating experiments

Front 43

Despite some gender differences, the underlying processes of human behavior are the same. True or false?

Back 43

True

Hint 43

Think about it

Front 44

Here are some recently reported correlations, with interpretations drawn by journalists. Knowing just these correlations, can you come up with other possible explanations for each of these?

A) Alcohol use is associated with violence. (One interpretation: Drinking triggers or unleashes aggressive behavior.)

B) Educates people live longer, on average, than less-educated people. ( One interpretation: Education lengthens life and enhances health.)

C) Teens engaged in team sports are less likely to use drugs, smoke, have sex, carry weapons, and eat junk food than are teens who do not engage in team sports. (One interpretation: Team sports encourage healthy living.)

D) Adolescents who frequently see smoking in movies are most likely smoke. ( One interpretation: Movie stars' behavior influences impressionable teens.)

Back 44

A) Perhaps anger triggers drinkimg, or perhaps the same genes or child-rearing practices are predisposing both drinking and aggression.

B) Perhaps richer people can afford more education and better health care.

C) Perhaps some third factor explains this correlation- teens who use drugs, smoke, have sex, carrybweapons, and eat junk food may be "loners" who do not enjoy playing on any team.

D) Perhaps adolescents who smoke and attend movies frequently have less parental supervision and more access to spending money than other adolescents.

Hint 44

Think about it