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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 general principles of MI
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Express empathy, develop discrepancy, roll with resistance, support self-efficacy (Miller & Rollnick, 2002)
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Systems of care
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A philosophy that provides guidance for establishing a continuum of services and supports for youth and families and procedures for integrating them in an individualized and family driven manner (Suter & Bruns, 2009)
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Wraparound
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A specific method for selecting and implementing evidence-based treatments and other services and supports using a process engaging of families and consistent with system of care principles (Suter & Bruns, 2009)
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Exosystem
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Settings in which an individual does not actively participate, “but in which events occur that affect, or are affected by, what happens in the setting containing the developing person (Bronfenbrenner, 1979)
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Macrosystem
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Consistencies of microsystems, mesosystems, and exosystems that comprise society’s culture and beliefs (Bronfenbrenner, 1979)
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4 levels of collaborative capacity
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Member, relational, organizational, programmatic (Foster-Fishman et al., 2001)
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Systems change
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An intentional process designed to alter the status quo by shifting and realigning the form and function of a targeted system (Foster-Fishman et al., 2007)
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4 coalition-building strategies
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Networking, coordinating, cooperating, collaborating (Himmelman, 2001)
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Psychological services should not be administered to the public until they have satisfied four minimal criteria:
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Exact nature of services described clearly, claimed benefit stated explicitly claimed benefits validated scientifically, possible negative side effects ruled out empirically (McFall, 1991)
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Efficacy studies/RCTs
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group designs in which patients are randomly assigned to the treatment of interest or one or more comparison conditions (Seligman, 1995)
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Effectiveness studies
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demonstrates that treatment works in a clinical setting under naturalistic conditions (Seligman, 1995)
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Metacognitive training
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Comprised of eight modules targeting common cognitive errors and problem solving biases in schizophrenia (Freeman, 2007)
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Associative networks
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concepts that are closely related are triggered more readily; we encode memories through these network (Foa & Kozak, 1986)
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3 kinds of info in fear network
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Info about feared stimulus, info about reaction, interpretation of stimulus and response (Cuthbert et al., 2003)
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Emotional processing of pathological fear requires
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the activation of the fear structure and then, the incorporation of corrective information (Foa & Kozak, 1986)
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2 conditions for reduction of fear
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Fear-relevant info made available then information made available must include elements that are incompatible with some of those that exist in the fear structure (Foa & Kozak, 1986)
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In CBT, disordered behaviors are reuslt of
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disordered thinking
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Humanistic believes that humans are
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pitched towards growth, so should listen to inner self (Rogers, 20010
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4 nonspecific components of humanistic
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Genuineness, acknowledge tension, unconditional positive regard, empathetic understanding (Rogers, 2001)
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Nonspecific factors (therapeutic relationship) account for much of client improvement
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Lambert & Barley, 2002
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psychology became “asocial and acultural,” because
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it began focusing on individuals and symptoms rather than environment and prevention (Sarason, 1981)
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Primary prevention
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targets people who don’t show signs of disorder – keep healthy people healthy. Reduces the incidence (number of new cases) of the disorder. (Rudkin, 2003)
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Secondary prevention
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early case-finding, reduce duration of illness (Rudkin, 2003)
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Tertiary prevention
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after the problem is developed, alleviate long-term effects (Rudkin, 2003)
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Empowerment is a _____ whereas prevention is an _____ of community psychology
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Phenomena of interest, exemplar (Rappaport, 1987)
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exemplar
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the “community’s shared examples of problem (Rappaport, 1987)
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4 parts of systems as potential root causes/targets for change
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Norms, resources, regulations, operations (Foster-Fishman et al., 2007)
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3 rules of the road to manage therapy sessions
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Keep yourself centered, follow the client's lead, be yourself (Morsund, 1993)
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4 microskills
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Paraphrase, summarize, reflect feeling, clarifying question (Poorman, 2003)
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Ideal function of observation and case studies
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Generating hypotheses (APA Task Force, 2006)
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Ideal function of qualitative research
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Describing subjective experiences (APA Task Force, 2006)
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Ideal function of systematic case studies
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Comparing clients to others with similar characteristics (APA Task Force, 2006)
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Ideal function of case studies
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Establishing causal relationships in the context of the individual (APA Task Force, 2006)
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Ideal function of public health and ethnography
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Tracking availability, utilization, and acceptance (APA Task Force, 2006)
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Ideal function of process-outcome research
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Identifying mechanisms of change (APA Task Force, 2006)
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Ideal function of meta-anaysis
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Synthesizing results and estimating effect sizes (APA Task Force, 2006)
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Ideal function of RCTs
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Drawing causal inferences (APA Task Force, 2006)
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Clinical competencies (4)
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Ability to assess, conceptualize, diagnose, and revise; flexibility; interpersonal competence; use of scientific research (APA Task Force, 2006)
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Empirically Supported Txts
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(Kendall et al., 1999): clearly specified psychological txts shown to be efficacious in controlled research with a delineated population
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Characteristics of ESTs (4)
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Designed for single axis 1 disorder, study participants are maximally homogeneous, ts are manualized, short-term, and fixed duration, outcome assessment focuses primarily on symptom that is focus of study (Westen et al., 2004)
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5 assumptions of use of RCTs to validate ESTS
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Psychological processes are highly malleable; most patients have (or can be treated as if they have) one primary problem; single disorder presentations; syndromes can be treated in isolation from PDs; RCTs are gold standard for ESTs (Westen et al., 2004)
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systematic desensitization steps
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establishing a behavior that will inhibit the undesired behavior (e.g., relaation), creating a hierarchy of feared stimuli, exposure to feared stimuli in a gradually increasing manner (Wolpe, 1958)
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3 cultural competence ingredients
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Scientific mindedness (forming hypotheses), dynamic sizing (generalizing vs. individualizing), culture-specific expertise (Sue, 1998)
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3 stages for including cultural data in a sound assessmend decision
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Identify, interpret, and incorporate cultural data (Ridley et al., 1998)
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Gray’s conceptualization of brain
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Behavioral activation system, behavioral inhibition system (Cuthbert, 2003)
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Quantitative Hierarchical Model
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Internalizing pathology can be differentiation by successive level of higher order personality hierarchy (Watson, 2005)
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Quantitative Hierarchical Model's 3 sections of internalizing disorder
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Bipolar disorders, distress disorders, fear disorders (Watson, 2005)
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specific etiology
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the causal condition which is necessary, but not sufficient, for the disorder to occur (Meehl, 1973)
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MZ > DZ
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compelling evidence for a genetic contribution
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MZ < 100%
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compelling evidence for nongenetic contribution
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Schizotaxia
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is a neural integrative defect (Meehl, 1962)
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Schizotypy
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is a personality organization (Meehl, 1962)
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Imposition of social learning history on _____ individuals results in _____
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schizotaxic, schizotypy (Meehl, 1962)
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Sensitive feature
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A feature that all individuals with a particular disorder have (Berenbaum, 1995)
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Specific etiology
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The causal condition which is necessary but not sufficient for disorder to occur (Meehl, 1962)
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much of the contribution of environment to those gene x environment interactions will be in what behavior geneticists called
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“unshared variance”, specific to the individual (Turkheimer, 2000)
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3 goals of CBT
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Deactivate distroted modes of thinking, modify their content and structure, construct more adaptive modes (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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3 interventions in CBT
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Collaborative empiricism, socratic dialogue, guided discovery (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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Collaborative empiricism
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treating the patient’s beliefs like testable hypotheses (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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Socratic dialogue
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the therapist asks specific questions that help the patient see the underlying dysfunction in their beliefs (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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Guided discovery
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therapist helps the patient begin to modify their maladaptive assumptions, and replace them with healthy beliefs (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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5 behavioral techniques in CBT
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Scheduling activities, cognitive rehearsal, self-reliance training, role-playing, diversion techniques (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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6 cognitive techniques in CBT
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Cognitive restructuring, reattribution, alternative perspectives, point-counterpoint, questioning, homework (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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Point-Counterpoint
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help client practice rational responses to automatic thoughts (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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Cognitive rehearsal
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have client picture or imagine each step involved in a task (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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Reattribution
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use to assist client in rejecting self blaming thoughts (Hollon & Beck, 2004)
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3 parts of cognitive processing therapy
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exposure, cognitive restructuring, stress management (Resick et al., 2008)
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citizen participation
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A process in which individuals take part in decision making in the institutions, programs and environments that affect them (Wandersman & Florin, 2000)
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2 strategies of empowerment
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look to diverse local settings where people are are already handling their own “problems in living,” in order to learn more about how they do it; and, (2) find ways to publicize the methods cultivated by residents of these settings, and channel them into social policies and programs. (Rappaport, 1981)
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empowerment
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“a process of becoming able or allowed to do some unspecified thing because there is a condition of dominion or authority with regard to that specific thing as opposed to all things” (Rappaport, 1987)
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person-blame casual attribution bias
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presupposes that individuals are responsible for their problems (Caplan & Nelson, 1973
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victim-blaming results from
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the inner conflict between feeling a social responsibility to help victims and a desire to maintain the status quo for one's own sake (Ryan, 1972)
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