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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Selection of sample objects where an object is returned to the population after selection (and could possibly be chosen again):
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Sampling With Replacement
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A single numerical value used as an estimate of a parameter:
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Point Estimate
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Collection of all possible elements of interest:
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Population
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The probability distribution associated with a statistic:
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Sampling distribution
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A probability sampling method where we divide the population into homogeneous strata and take a simple random sample from each strata:
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Stratified Random Sampling
(i.e. the population is divided into a number of parts or 'strata' according to some characteristic) |
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The difference between an unbiased point estimate and the actual value of the parameter being estimated:
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Sampling error
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The exactness of an estimator:
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Precision
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Selection of sample objects where a sample object is not returned to the population after selection (and cannot possibly be chosen again):
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Sampling Without Replacement
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A collection of elements that make up a subset of the population:
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Sample
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The standard deviation of a sampling distribution:
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Standard error
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What is a biased estimator of population maximum?
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Sample maximum
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The sample statistic that provides the point estimate of a parameter:
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Point Estimator
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Using data obtained through sampling to estimate the value or test a hypothesis about a parameter:
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Statistical Inference
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A probability sampling method where each possible sample of size n chosen from a population of size N has an equal probability of being selected:
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Simple Random Sampling
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A summary measure used to describe values of a variable (i.e., a characteristic) for the entire population:
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Parameter
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A nonprobability sampling method where elements are selected based on their ease of collection:
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Convenience (Chunk) Sampling
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A range of values of a random variable that contain a specified proportion of a population:
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Tolerance Interval
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What are the 2 nonprobability sampling methods?
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1. Convenience (Chunk) Sampling
2. Judgement Sampling |
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Sample median is a ____ ____ of population median.
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Biased estimator
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The correctness of an estimator:
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Accuracy
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A probability sampling method where we divide the population into heterogeneous groups (usually by proximity) & take a census from randomly selected groups:
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Cluster Sampling
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The probability distribution associated with all possible values of the sample mean:
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The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
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A nonprobability sampling method where elements are selected on the basis of the sampler’s opinion of their appropriateness:
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Judgement Sampling
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Collection of values for all the variables of interest that correspond to all the elements of a population:
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Census
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A probability sampling method where we randomly select the first element and then subsequently select every kth element:
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Systematic Sampling
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State whether the parameter of interest is the mean or the proportion:
In a survey, one hundred college students are asked how many hours a week they use the Internet as part of their course work. |
MEAN - The variable 'hours per week spent on the Internet' is a quantitative variable.
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State whether the parameter of interest is the mean or the proportion:
In a survey, one hundred college students are asked whether they use the Internet for more than 5 hours a week as part of their course work. |
PROPORTION -The variable 'whether or not a student spends more than five hours' is qualitative (with two categories: Yes or No).
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What is(are) perfectly precise and almost certainly inaccurate?
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Point estimators
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Sampling distributions are probability distributions that are associated w/ a(n) ____.
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Statistic
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What is most useful for comparing the dispersion between 2 different variables?
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Coefficient of variation
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A range of values of a random variable that contains a specified proportion of a population:
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Tolerance interval
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What is the relationship between precision and accuracy?
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Inverse relationship
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As the sample size gets sufficiently large, the distribution of our estimate of the mean becomes approximately normal:
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Central Limit Theorem
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How do you find the tolerance level?
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1-a
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The distance from the sample statistic to the end of the confidence interval:
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Margin of error
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What measure of variation is usually the most sensitive to extreme values?
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Range
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When is a statistic a consistent estimator of a parameter?
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If the probability that it will be close to the parameter's true value approaches 1 with increasing sample size.
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What is the most appropriate measure of location when calculating the mean annual investment over a number of years?
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Geometric mean
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The standard error ↓ as ___ ↑
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n ↑
(sample size) |
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What is one way to graphically display the values of more than 2 quantitative variables for each observation in a data set?
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Star glyph
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When is the sample mean unbiased?
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When the expected value of the sample mean is the true population mean
E(xbar) = μ |
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What happens to the normal distribution as the sample size gets larger?
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The distribution gets taller and narrower
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What measure of variation is generally least sensitive to extreme values?
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Interquartile range
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The standard error ↑ as ___ ↑
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σ ↑
(population standard deviation) |
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What do we know if the expected value of an estimator is equal to the parameter being estimated?
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Then we know that the estimator is an UNBIASED estimate of the parameter.
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The larger the ___ ___, the less reliable is the estimate
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Standard error
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When should the finite population correction factor be used?
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n/N > .05
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A researcher is interested in determining the average household income for the New England region of the country. He divides New England into states and then randomly chooses 3 cities from each state to sample. From each city, he randomly chooses 1000 families to survey. This type of sampling is referred to as:
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Stratified random sampling
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A researcher chooses every 12th item from an assembly line to include in a process control chart. The sampling technique being used is:
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Systematic sampling
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