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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lorenz
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Duck imprinting, critical period,
Attached to the head, follow the features of the head. |
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Fechner
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Psychophysics - the study of relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and the sensory experience.
JND = just noticeable difference Fechner's law - the magnitude of the sensory experience of a stimulus is directly prop. to the log Psychophysics: Spiritual Science Consciousness & Physics (not physiology) – Most mathematically |
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Descartes
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Descartes Dualism
Split between material and non-material Representative transformation |
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Watson
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Little Albert
Strict Behaviorist |
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Pavlov
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*Classical conditioning
*Extinction (habituation) – learning *Habituation – Ex: constant noise wears out, music is not “zappy” anymore *Stimulus generalization – Ex: Dog salivates at a 440htz note, and also at 430 htz note but less *Stimulus discrimination – Ex: Teach it to only salivate at 440htz. Reinforce 440 note and not other. *Spontaneous Recovery – Something remembered that comes back. Ex: Play note 440htz in few days, dog responses a little bit. |
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Thorndike
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Thorndike's Thumbtwitch – Two groups one was told that there is movement to remove static and other group was not. After a while static lowered for both groups overall.
-Showed lots of unconscious behavior. Puzzle box, law of effect Ex: Puzzle box. Many different responses as first such as scratching, pushing bars, trying to dig whole, but afterwards, more lever pulling by cat. |
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Skinner
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Rats and levers,
Reinforcer Punishment |
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Tolman
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*S→O→R Behaviorism
*Cognitive map Experiment *Rats explored and learning the layout of a simple maze. When blocks were placed, rats chose next quickest route frequently and did not make errors or run in circles. *Bottom-Up + Top-Down *More Cognitive Evidence Against Simple S-R Behaviorism *Handling New Situation |
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Wundt
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First experimental psychology laboratory;
Consciousness & Physiology; Bottom-Up approach |
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Locke
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Law of association by contiguity
Ex: Apple's taste, sound and texture and put together |
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Helmholtz
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Trichromatic
e.g., any color can be produced by three different colors |
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Hering
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Opponent Process Theory
Phenomenoogical Evidence -Complimentary colors produce white -Four unique hues (red, green, blue, yellow) -Most Colors binary hues |
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Newton
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-Photons are objective physical facts.
Colors are subjective facts of experience -But science CAN investiage and inter-relate both domains and mathematics not necessary. -Newton's great experiment composition of white light |