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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Elicited behavior

respondent behavior to preceding stimulus

responses

startle- loud noise


orienting- rooting reflex, gaze to stimulus


flexion- stove top- spinal reflex


--reflex arc: sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

fixed action pattern/sign stimulus

-fixed sequence of responses, unique to an organism, elicited by specific stimulus


--sign stimulus: releaser

habituation

decrease in strength of an elicited response following presentation of stimulus


longterm/shortterm


dishabituation: reappearance of a habituated response following presentation of irrelevant novel stimulus

sensitization

increase in strength of response, following repeated presentation of stimulus for a finite time period


ex. dixies scared of house after horror movie

opponent process theory

solomon


-emotional event elicits 2 competing processes


- A process: correlates closely with presence of emotional event


- B process: slow to increase/decrease, accounts for why emotional responses is strongest at onset

classical conditioning

one stimulus that doesn't elicit certain response's associated with 2nd stimulus that does, as a result 1st stimulus elicits response too


before: food(US)--> salivation(UR)


metronome(NS)-->no salivation


during: metronome (NS): Food (US)-->Sali(UR)


after: metronome (cs)--> salivation (cr)

appetitive/aversive conditioning

- US is event organism seeks out


- Us is an event organism avoids


accounts for fears/anxieties

conditioned emotional response paradigm

CER


rats trained to engage in press lever-->food


after steady rate pressing, fear cond. process


initial phase: fear/stop pressing


as cond. stop pressing lever too


supression ratio: # cs response/total responses


lower ratio: greater suppression, less responding

excitatory/inhibitory conditioing

ex: conditioning in which NS is associated with CS


In: Ns associated with absence of US

temporal arrangement of stimuli

delayed: onset NS-->US, stimuli overlap


trace: onset and offset NS-->US, no overlap


simultaneous: NS & US occur simultaneously


backward: US-->NS, least effective

acquisition

process of developing and strengthening a CR through repeated pairings of NS and US


Asymptote: max amount of cond.

extinction

CR weakened/eliminated when CS presented repeatedly in absence US

spontaneous recovery

reappearance of a cond. response to a CS following rest period after extinction

disinhibition

sudden recovery of response during an extinction period when a novel stimulus is produced

stimulus generalization

CR to occur in presence of stimulus similar to CS


Semantic generalization: same thing, with language


ex. fear truck, car, wheels

stimulus discrimination

a response to be elicited more by one stimulus than another

higher order conditioning

stimulus associated with CS, can become CS


ex. wasp: sting--> fear


wasp-->fear


trash: wasp-->fear


trash-->fear

sensory preconditioning

one stimulus conditioned as CS, another stimulus which it was previously associated with can become CS


-shows latent learning

overshadowing

most salient of compound stimulus most readily conditioned as CS, interferes with conditioning of least salient member


ex. walk through grass field, bright flowers


blame alergies on flowers

blocking

presence of established CS, interferes with cold of new CS



Latent inhibition

familiar stimulus more difficult to condition as CS than unfamiliar stimulus


ex. always eat wings, go get wings and new appetizer, get food poisoning.


blame it on new app, when its really wings

temporal conditioning

CS is a passage of time

occasion setting

stimulus signals CS followed by US. Cr response to CS

external inhibition

present novel stimulus with CS, produces decrease in CR strength


-compensatory response


-bees at cafe cause anxiety, violinist alleviates

US revaluation

postconditioning presentation of US at different intensity levels, altering strength response to previous CS


ex. metronome: large food--> strong sal


metrnonome--> strong sal

SR/ SS model

SR: NS becomes associated with UR and comes to elicit same response as UR


Ex. dog bites, fear. see dog, fear


SS: NS becomes associated with US, elicits response related to US.


Ex. tone makes dog think of food-->sal

stimulus substituion theory

pavlov


CS acts as sub for US


food-->sal


light:food-->sal


light-->sal

preperatory response theory

purpose of CR is to prepare organism for presentation of US, allows for situation where CR doesn't equal UR


ex. salivates to tone, to get ready for food



compensatory response model

CS repeatedly associated with A (primary) process to a US will eventually elicit b (compensatory) process


ex. heroin-->decreased BP--> Increased BP


Heroin cues-->decreased BP-->increased BP


Heroin cues-->increased BP

rescorla-wagner theory

US can only support so much conditioning, cond. must be distributed among various CS


- stronger US support more cond.

temperament

how easily a certain person aquires a phobia, individual emotionality level

preparedness

how easily certain phobias aquired

incubation

strengthen cond. fear response as a result to brief exposure to aversive CS

Selective sensitization

increase in one's reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus, following exposure to unrelated stressful event


ex. stressful divorce, minor anx about driving


now huge anxiety about driving