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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is metabolism?
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The sum of all the chemical process that go on in the body.
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What is metabolic rate?
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The amount of energy produced in a given time.
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What are the products of protein oxidation?
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Urea, carbon dioxide, and water.
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Of the three types of energy, which provides the most heat?
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Fats.
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What are light calories?
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Calories from fat because it takes less fat to get the same amount of calories.
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What are heavy calories?
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Calories from proteins and carbohydrates because it takes more to get the same amount of calories.
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What is the best way to determine a persons metabolic rate?
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Place them in a closed environment and measure the heat they put off in a single day.
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What is respiratory quotient?
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The amount of CO2 produced per amount of O2 consumed.
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What is the respiratory quotient for carbohydrates?
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1.0
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What is the respiratory quotient for fats?
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0.7
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How much of our energy comes from carbohydrates, fats when at rest?
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44% from glucose, 56% from fatty acids.
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During heavy exercise what is the main source of energy?
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Glucose
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What is the basal metabolic rate?
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The absolute minimum amount of energy needed to stay alive.
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When is the oxygen debt restored?
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When hemoglobin and myoglobin are restored, when high energy phosphate stores are restored, and when lactic acid is neutralized.
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What factors stimulate metabolism?
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Exercise, eating, low temperatures, fever, thyroid hormone, catecholamines.
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What are the percentages of energy stores in the body?
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1. Triglycerides 75%
2. Proteins 23% 3. Carbohydrates 1% |
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Why is glucose an essential form of energy?
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The brain can only use glucose for energy*
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Why does protein not serve as a true source of energy in the body?
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Very destructive. Only serves in cases of extreme starvation.
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What occurs if glycogen stores are full?
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Converts excess glucose to fat.
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Can fatty acids be converted to glucose?
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No, therefore they it can never again be utilized by the brain.
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What part of a triglyceride can be converted into glucose?
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Glycerol.
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Can amino acids be used in gluconeogenesis?
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Yes
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Can acetyl CoA be used in gluconeogenesis?
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No
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Can pyruvate be used in gluconeogenesis?
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Yes
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What hormone promotes gluconeogenesis?
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Cortisol
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What process breaks fatty acids into two carbon chains?
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Beta-oxidation
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What are the essential fatty acids?
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Linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic.
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How is fat stored in the body?
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Travels to capillaries associated with adipose tissue, lipase's break it down into a monoglyceride and two fatty acids, it enters the cell and is reformed into triglyceride.
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How are fatty acids transported in the blood?
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Complexed with serum albumin.
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